GLBI Wiki - User contributions [en]

Main Page

2025-06-11T01:54:22Z

JVander2022:

__NOTOC__

== Where Am I? ==
[[File:Areyouliving.png|thumb|Are you really living?]]
Welcome to GLBI Wiki - The Wiki about Guaranteed Livable Basic Income in Canada

Reports have shown that '''[[Guaranteed Livable Basic Income]]''' has the possibility to help 19,912,000 Canadian Households in 2023-24 with a guaranteed minimum income.[https://www.pbo-dpb.gc.ca/en/blog/news/BLOG-2021-004--update-five-year-cost-estimate-guaranteed-basic-income--mise-jour-estimation-cinq-ans-cout-revenu-base-garanti S-101] With a 1 to 1.2 odds you could be included. There is many who will have the benefits either through their own home, or the home before or after generationally.

On February 19, 2025 the PBO published [https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-2425-029-S--distributional-analysis-national-guaranteed-basic-income-update--analyse-distributive-un-revenu-base-garanti-echelle-nationale-mise-jour A Distributional Analysis of a National Guaranteed Basic Income – Update] where the Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO) provides fiscal and distributional impacts of the GBI using two different definitions of the family unit, that is the nuclear family and the economic family.

That report, showed that it could be decreased to an estimated cost of $53 billion for those earning less than $43,806 to $61,950 using a 50% means-tested clawback. It did NOT show any information or breakdown about scenarios 2 and 3, the 25% and 15% clawbacks used in 2020 and 2021.

This website is intended to help Canadians learn about GLBI by providing resources on articles, activities, studies, reports, public conversations, advocacy resources, and personal projections on how it can help them in the future.

This wiki was designed in the hopes of giving you a place to find them and learn. It is always expanding so we recommend you check back later, and don't forget to try the <q>Random page</q> feature.

This website is not funded or affliated by any government in Canada and is privately developed as a personal project. It is intended as a guide into possibilities and should not be taken as an official source.

== '''Quick Navigation''' ==
* '''[[Guaranteed Livable Basic Income]]'''
** '''[[Petitions for Basic Income in Canada]]'''
** '''[[Government Discussions on Basic Income]]'''
* '''[[Universal Basic Income]]

View the '''[https://www.forthefuture.ca/2022rates/ 2022 GLBI Rates]''' blog article written by site author. 
View the '''[[Proposed Canada Guaranteed Sustainability Benefit]] 
This Website was created by [https://www.forthefuture.ca/ ForTheFuture.ca] 
If you would like to converse we have a [https://www.glbi.ca/forum/ GLBI Forum] 

== Contributions ==

'''This website is funded personally, and to date has generated ''$0'' in donations.'''

If you would like to contribute to this project you will have to [https://wiki.glbi.ca/index.php/Special:EmailUser/Jvander2022 Email the Author] for access. Automatic Account Creation has been restricted to prevent Spam or loss of Data. There is no cost associated with editor access. However your edits will be public for everyone to see.

== References ==

For references and links related to this article and those published by the author of this site please see [[References]]

== Terms of Use ==

This website is privately developed and funded. Use of this website in subject to acceptance of terms for General Use of MediaWiki. This website is Open-Source developed, by the author and volunteer contributors. This website is moderated by the author and defamatory or derogatory comments will be deleted. This website is intended for use of those aged 13 years and older. If you are a minor, you should have your parent/guardian/teacher help you understand some of the material here.

If you are new to Wiki style pedia's or are unsure how to use this website, the author(s) of the software ask that you consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using this wiki.

Main Page

2025-06-11T01:53:18Z

JVander2022: Added context and the new PBO report

__NOTOC__

== Where Am I? ==
[[File:Areyouliving.png|thumb|Are you really living?]]
Welcome to GLBI Wiki - The Wiki about Guaranteed Livable Basic Income in Canada

Reports have shown that '''[[Guaranteed Livable Basic Income]]''' has the possibility to help 19,912,000 Canadian Households in 2023-24 with a guaranteed minimum income.[https://www.pbo-dpb.gc.ca/en/blog/news/BLOG-2021-004--update-five-year-cost-estimate-guaranteed-basic-income--mise-jour-estimation-cinq-ans-cout-revenu-base-garanti S-101] With a 1 to 1.2 odds you could be included. There is many who will have the benefits either through their own home, or the home before or after generationally.

On February 19, 2025 the PBO published [https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-2425-029-S--distributional-analysis-national-guaranteed-basic-income-update--analyse-distributive-un-revenu-base-garanti-echelle-nationale-mise-jour A Distributional Analysis of a National Guaranteed Basic Income – Update] where the Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO) provides fiscal and distributional impacts of the GBI using two different definitions of the family unit, that is the nuclear family and the economic family.

That report, showed that it could be decreased to an estimated cost of $53 billion for those earning less than $43,806 to $61,950 using a 50% means-tested clawback. It did NOT show any information or breakdown about scenarios 2 and 3, the 25% and 15% clawback scenarios used in 2020 and 2021.

This website is intended to help Canadians learn about GLBI by providing resources on articles, activities, studies, reports, public conversations, advocacy resources, and personal projections on how it can help them in the future.

This wiki was designed in the hopes of giving you a place to find them and learn. It is always expanding so we recommend you check back later, and don't forget to try the <q>Random page</q> feature.

This website is not funded or affliated by any government in Canada and is privately developed as a personal project. It is intended as a guide into possibilities and should not be taken as an official source.

== '''Quick Navigation''' ==
* '''[[Guaranteed Livable Basic Income]]'''
** '''[[Petitions for Basic Income in Canada]]'''
** '''[[Government Discussions on Basic Income]]'''
* '''[[Universal Basic Income]]

View the '''[https://www.forthefuture.ca/2022rates/ 2022 GLBI Rates]''' blog article written by site author. 
View the '''[[Proposed Canada Guaranteed Sustainability Benefit]] 
This Website was created by [https://www.forthefuture.ca/ ForTheFuture.ca] 
If you would like to converse we have a [https://www.glbi.ca/forum/ GLBI Forum] 

== Contributions ==

'''This website is funded personally, and to date has generated ''$0'' in donations.'''

If you would like to contribute to this project you will have to [https://wiki.glbi.ca/index.php/Special:EmailUser/Jvander2022 Email the Author] for access. Automatic Account Creation has been restricted to prevent Spam or loss of Data. There is no cost associated with editor access. However your edits will be public for everyone to see.

== References ==

For references and links related to this article and those published by the author of this site please see [[References]]

== Terms of Use ==

This website is privately developed and funded. Use of this website in subject to acceptance of terms for General Use of MediaWiki. This website is Open-Source developed, by the author and volunteer contributors. This website is moderated by the author and defamatory or derogatory comments will be deleted. This website is intended for use of those aged 13 years and older. If you are a minor, you should have your parent/guardian/teacher help you understand some of the material here.

If you are new to Wiki style pedia's or are unsure how to use this website, the author(s) of the software ask that you consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using this wiki.

Ontario Basic Income Pilot

2023-01-05T20:00:24Z

JVander2022: Created page with "== Description == The Ontario Basic Income Pilot Project was a pilot project to provide basic income to 4,000 people in Ontario, Canada. The project followed recommendations made by Hugh Segal in consultation with the population, and would test whether "Basic Income [would] reduce poverty more effectively, encourage work, reduce stigmatization, and produce better health outcomes and better life chances for recipients". The pilot project aimed to give a fixed income for..."

== Description ==

The Ontario Basic Income Pilot Project was a pilot project to provide basic income to 4,000 people in Ontario, Canada. The project followed recommendations made by Hugh Segal in consultation with the population, and would test whether "Basic Income [would] reduce poverty more effectively, encourage work, reduce stigmatization, and produce better health outcomes and better life chances for recipients".

The pilot project aimed to give a fixed income for three years to people with low or no incomes.

The communities served by the pilot project included Hamilton, Brantford, Thunder Bay and Lindsay. Participants of the project were randomly selected among residents of the regions aged 18–64. The financial threshold for inclusion was $34,000 per year for singles or $48,000 per year for couples. About 70% of participants were already employed when entering the program. Single participants received up to $16,989 a year while couples received up to $24,027. If participants also received a paid salary, the amount of basic income would be reduced by 50 cents for every dollar of earned income." Therefore a (single) participant with a salary of $10,000 per year would receive a basic income of $5,000 less ($11,989 per year).

Those participants receiving either Employment Insurance or Canada Pension Plan would have their Basic Income reduced on a dollar for dollar basis. Those with disabilities would also receive up to $500 per month on top, but they would withdraw from their participation in the Ontario Works or the Ontario Disability Support Program. Seniors (those 65 years and over) were not included and they could continue to claim existing benefits.

In addition to the 4,000 participants, a comparison group was selected, who would not receive the basic income. However, they would still be asked questions on various issues including their health, work situation and housing. This was to allow researchers to compare the effects of those receiving basic income with those not receiving it.

== Introduction ==

=== Reception ===

=== Cost ===

== Cancelation ==

=== Reception ===

== McMaster & Ryerson U Study ==

== PBO Reports of National Program ==

== References ==

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario_Basic_Income_Pilot_Project Wikipedia - Ontario Basic Income Pilot] 
[https://www.ontario.ca/page/finding-better-way-basic-income-pilot-project-ontario Letter from Hugh Segal, Introduction of Basic Income Pilot by Gov't of Ontario, ''August 31, 2016'']

Guaranteed Livable Basic Income

2022-12-17T04:14:20Z

JVander2022:

'''Guaranteed Livable Basic Income''' (GLBI) in Canada refers to the debate and trials with basic income, negative income and related welfare systems in Canada. The debate goes back to the 1930s when the social credit movement had ideas around those lines. Following in 1940 with the establishment of the Employment Insurance system, 1945 for Maternity Benefits (EI) and the Family Allowances Act, which was the first universal welfare program implemented in Canada under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie King. As a government Income Security Expenditure, payments were transferred directly to the individual who qualified for them, in this case the mother of the children concerned[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/family-allowance.html S-1].

During the decades that followed, GLBI has been supported in various forms by different Political Parties, which have at times been at odds with how to implement such a strategy while not impeding on Provincial jurisdiction.

According to the Fraser Institute The share of Canada’s population aged 65 or older increased from 14.1 percent in 2010 to 19.0 percent in 2022. Statistics Canada data projects this number will increase to 25 percent by the middle of the century. The share of Canada’s population that is of working age is shrinking, while the share that is age 65 or over is growing.

In 1966 there were 7.7 working-age individuals for every senior. This ratio has dropped quickly since then and stands at 3.4 in 2022. Statistics Canada projects this trend will continue in the decades ahead. There will be just 3.0 working-age people for each senior by 2027, after which the ratio will slowly fall further to reach 2.3 by 2068. [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/understanding-the-changing-ratio-of-working-age-canadians-to-seniors-and-its-consequences S-28]
<div class="noautonum" align="left">__TOC__</div>
== GLBI vs UBI ==
[[File:2023rates.png|thumb|2023 GLBI Rates adjusted for Inflation]]
[[File:pwd1.png|thumb|A person with a Disability could receive $26,596 a year in 2023]]
Guaranteed Livable Basic Income is not Universal Basic Income. While UBI is considered cheaper per person to maintain from a 'Universal' and 'Administrative' standpoint, a GLBI being means tested recovers funding by ensuring cost-effective income testing. For GLBI, this is done on an annual basis, contrary to the existing Social Support systems in place provincially that test income on a monthly basis (ex. PEI).

Since 2017 GLBI according to the Ontario Basic Income Pilot formula, and adjusting for inflation based on the SPSD/M 28.0 2022 Calendar Year Low Income Measure, has raised by over twelve percent. This is almost consistent with the Bank of Canada Inflation Calculator estimate of 14.88 percent over 5 years. citation needed

Universal Basic Income is viewed by some as an easier method, however when looking at the overall costs associated with a Universal Benefit, even at $500 per month would cost the Canadian Government $222 Billion. Whereas a GLBI with a minimal income testing level of 15% would help over 50% of Canadian Households with a minimum income while coming in at under that amount. Thus protecting lower income households from the future disconnect of higher earning families, but also helping those same higher earners who are paying for the program. 
[[File:changing-ratio-infographic.jpg|thumb|Shrinking ratio of working-age Canadians]]
The same 15% scenario, would allow Canadians when Single (Household) to earn upwards of $137,000 ($169,000) per year before being phased out of the program.

== History ==
The humanist philosopher Thomas More, writing in his seminal 1516 work Utopia, argued for a universal basic income.

The Nobel Prize winning activist Bertrand Russell proposed in 1918 that a universal basic income, "sufficient for necessities, should be secured for all, whether they work or not, and that a larger income should be given to those who are willing to engage in some work which the community recognizes as useful. On this basis we may build further."

Bertrand's view was that providing the basic needs of every citizen would free them up to work on more important societal goals and live more harmoniously with their fellow man.

After World War II, economist Milton Friedman floated the idea of a guaranteed income. Friedman wrote: "We should replace the ragbag of specific welfare programs with a single comprehensive program of income supplements in cash — a negative income tax. It would provide an assured minimum to all persons in need, regardless of the reasons for their need… A negative income tax provides comprehensive reform which would do more efficiently and humanely what our present welfare system does so inefficiently and inhumanely."[http://thoughtco.com/universal-basic-income-definition-and-history-4149802. S-2]

In 1935, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was enacted by the Parliament of Canada, during the final months of the government of R. B. Bennett. The Act was intended to introduce a nationwide employment insurance scheme, and also convince voters that Bennett was willing to intervene aggressively in the economy, as President Roosevelt had done in the United States with the New Deal. However, the Act was not incumbent of any type of Guaranteed Income.

At the same time, William Aberhart, Premier of Alberta, was inspired by Major C. H. Douglas Social Credit theory and tried to implement a basic income for Albertans during the 1930s. However, he was thwarted in his attempts by the Federal Government of the time. [https://umanitoba.academia.edu/JimMulvale S-3]

In 1936, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada, as unemployment insurance was found to fall under one of the heads of power assigned by Canada's constitution to the provinces. The ruling of the Supreme Court was upheld by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1937. The Employment and Social Insurance Act therefore failed to achieve its policy goal, as Canada was left for a time without unemployment insurance.

This change in position followed the Privy Council's decision in the Aeronautics Reference, which declared:

<q>There may also be cases where the Dominion is entitled to speak for the whole, and this not because of any judicial interpretation of ss. 91 and 92, but by reason of the plain terms of s. 132, where Canada as a whole, having undertaken an obligation, is given the power necessary and proper for performing such an obligation.</q>

The first compulsory national unemployment insurance program was instituted in August 1940 under the King government after a constitutional amendment was agreed to by all of the Canadian provinces, to concede to the federal government legislative power over unemployment insurance. New Brunswick, Alberta and Quebec had held out against the federal government's desire to amend the constitution but ultimately acceded to its request, Alberta being the last to do so. The British North America Act s. 91 was amended by adding in a heading designated Number 2A simply in the words "Unemployment Insurance".

== Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) ==
• Coalition Canada has posted a [https://basicincomecoalition.ca/en/actions/basic-income-week/the-bi-we-want/faq/ '''Frequently Asked Questions about Basic Income] 
• Scott Santens has posted [https://www.scottsantens.com/basic-income-faq/ '''A Guide to Basic Income: Frequently Asked Questions about UBI] 
• Basic Income Canada Network has posted [https://basicincomecanada.org/faq/ '''FAQ - Basic Income Canada] 
• CEO's for Basic Income has posted [https://ceosforbasicincome.ca/faq '''FAQ - CEOsforbasicincome.ca] 
• Basic Income NL has posted [https://www.basicincomenl.ca/faq '''FAQ - Basic Income Newfoundland] 
• UBI.org has posted [https://www.ubi.org/51/basic-income-faq '''Basic Income FAQ] 

== Pilots Programs ==
There have been 2 pilots in Canada thus far, that have been funded directly from provincial governments in the search for viable data towards a Basic Income in their province. In the late 1970's Manitoba had their pilot, and in the 2010's for Ontario. Both pilots ended with a change of government and no renewal or cancellation.

It is without certainty if Manitoba's Mincome experiment would have continued if it was without a change in government. In Ontario, the cancellation of the Basic Income Pilot was without public consultation or warning, propelling those 4,000 recipients back onto provincial programs that were more than a $700 drop per month in income, nearly equal to the entire funding of Ontario Works as a single recipient at maximum rate. After the cancellation of Basic Income in Ontario, there was no rate increase for the system for nearly 4 years.

During the 2022 Ontario General Election, all 4 major parties in Ontario campaigned on different Social Assistance platforms. Initially, the Ontario PC Party introduced their Budget 2022 before the election, not initially planning on any increase to the Ontario Works, ODSP programs. During the campaign the New Democratic Party campaigned on a 20% increase to ODSP and OW while indexing future increases to inflation, followed by the Ontario Liberal Party with 10% the first year, and an additional 10% of the 2022 rate in the following year while indexing to inflation continuing, the Ontario Greens Party had before the election called for an increase of 100% to the program.

Midway through the campaign, Andrea Horwath the leader of the New Democrats for Ontario, announced a new effort to change their plan from just the 20% increase to a 20% increase in year 1, and increasing rates to the 100% mark of the 2022 rate in year 2 while some advocates and MPPs were unclear if inflation would also be added in year 2.

Mike Morrice who is the Ontario Greens Leader, has openly encouraged his support for GLBI as a means to help the vulnerable population like recipients of the Ontario Disability Support Program, while waiting for the Canada Disability Benefit as well.

=== Manitoba Mincome ===
The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome), conducted some 40 years ago, was an ambitious social experiment designed to assess a range of behavioural responses to a negative income tax, a specific form of Guaranteed Annual Income.

Prompted by the analysis of poverty from the Economic Council of Canada (1968), the Special Senate Committee on Poverty (1971) recommended implementation of a federally financed and administered Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) program to address poverty. The Manitoba government led by Ed Schreyer was receptive to the idea of an experimental project to test such a program and submitted a proposal for funding to the Department of National Health and Welfare in March 1973. The minority federal Liberal government led by Pierre Trudeau, which had called for a review of Canada’s social security system in the 1973 Throne Speech, was also receptive to the idea of a trial guaranteed income plan. The two governments entered discussions and reached formal agreement on the budget for a Basic Annual Income Experiment Project in June 1974.[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

"Over the years, but particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, considerable effort has been spent in the examination of this
system [of personal income and transfers] and its component programs, with a view to identifying potential improvements in the areas of fairness, effectiveness, efficiency, and simplicity. These interests led to one of the most significant
social experiments in Canadian history, namely the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome)."
—Judith Maxwell, chairman of the Economic Council of Canada, in the Foreword to Hum and Simpson (1991, ix).[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

==== Dr. Evelyn Forget ====

The author of the 2018 book "Basic Income for Canadians: The Key to a Healthier, Happier and More Secure Life for All", which was shortlisted for the 2018/19 Donner Prize. In 2020, Forget updated the book to focus on the impact of the pandemic, titled "Basic Income for Canadians: From the COVID-19 Emergency to Financial Security for All."[https://news.umanitoba.ca/donner-prize-announces-the-2018-2019-shortlist/ S-8][https://cpj.ca/book-review/book-review-basic-income-for-canadians-from-the-covid-19-emergency-to-financial-security-for-all/ S-9][https://worldcat.org/oclc/1155520735 S-10]

==== David Calnitsky ====
No final Mincome report was issued, by the government at the time, but a federal grant established the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Manitoba University of Manitoba] in 1981. The institute developed a machine-readable database of the results of Mincome, leaving the analysis of the experiment to individual academic initiatives.

In February 2016, David Calnitsky wrote a study about the Manitoba Mincome Program along with professionals from various specialties.

"This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (1333623) and Institute for Research on Poverty. I would like to thank Ryan Courchene, David Horky, and, especially, David Cuthbert for assistance navigating the Mincome accession at the Library and Archives Canada. The survey referenced herein and other archival documents cited are held at Library and Archives Canada (Winnipeg, MB); Department of Health fonds including the former Department of National Health and Welfare fonds, RG 29; and Policy, Planning and Information Branch sous-fonds, branch accession number 2004-01167-X, “Operational Files of Manitoba Basic Annual Income Project (Mincome).” Thanks are also due to Stewart Deyell, Sabrina Kinsella, and the production team at Statistics Canada for assistance in data construction and to Evelyn Forget, Erik Olin Wright, Robert Freeland, Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Tatiana Alfonso, Pilar Goñalons-Pons, Jonathan Latner, Aliza Luft, and Madeleine Ritts for helpful comments on earlier drafts."

The report being available online for free at https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12091

=== Ontario Basic Income Pilot ===
In June 2016, the Province of Ontario asked the Honorable Hugh Segal, a
former senator, to provide advice on how to design a basic income pilot
project.

In his subsequent discussion paper, Segal recommended that the province
test a negative income tax model that provides recipients with 75 per cent of
the low-income measure, regardless of their employment status.[https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-1819-370--costing-a-national-guaranteed-basic-income--etablissement-du-cout-dun-revenu-de S-4][http://www.progressiveeconomics.ca/2006/09/07/pondering-a-guaranteed-annual-income/ S-5]

''' ''In the 2017 the Ontario Budget Basic Income Pilot was funded.'' '''

In response to structural changes in the labour market, the government is developing innovative approaches to support Ontarians. This includes moving forward with the Basic Income Pilot, first announced in the 2016 Budget. A three‐year pilot will test the idea that providing people with a basic income could be a simpler and more effective way to ensure security and opportunity in a changing job market, support people living on low incomes, and reduce poverty. The Honourable Hugh Segal, a long‐time advocate and the Province’s Special Advisor for the design and implementation of Ontario’s Basic Income Pilot, delivered a discussion paper in fall 2016. Guided in part by this paper, the government prepared a consultation document that focused on key questions, such as eligibility for the pilot, where the pilot should take place, what the basic income level should be, and how best to evaluate it. Public consultations took place from November 2016 to January 2017, with more than 35,000 people and a number of organization participating. In March 2017, the government released the Basic Income Consultations: What We Heard report summarizing the feedback from the consultations. Many participants voiced support for a basic income pilot that includes a representative sample of Ontarians, lifts people out of poverty, reflects the province’s diversity, runs efficiently and measures specific outcomes. In addition, through a separate but parallel process, a basic income pilot for First Nations is being co‐created and designed. Section D: Building Inclusive Communities and Improving the Justice System 165 CHAPTER IV Three communities across the province — Hamilton, Thunder Bay, and Lindsay — will be eligible for participants aged 18 to 64. Through this pilot, people earning below a specified amount will receive regular payments that will help them better afford basic needs like housing or food, and participate in the community. Enrollment will be voluntary and based on informed consent. Work will continue with experts and communities to ensure delivery of a Basic Income Pilot that is fair, effective, and based on a representative sample.[https://collections.ola.org/mon/31005/339601.pdf S-102]

==== McMaster & Ryerson Universities Study ====

In 2017, the Government of Ontario selected Hamilton, Brantford, and Brant County as one of the three sites to take part in a three-year basic income pilot project. During that time, selected individuals in each of the communities served by the pilot were to receive a basic income from the government and become key informants in the evaluation of the program.
However, the June 2018 general election in Ontario saw a new government come to power and cancel the pilot just more than a year after it had begun. At the time, Community and Social Services Minister Lisa MacLeod stated that the pilot was cancelled because it was “failing.” This report raises questions about this assessment. Besides prematurely cutting off payments to recipients in March 2019, the government also announced it would cease evaluation activities as of July 2018[https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/49980/ontarios-government-for-the-people-announces-compassionate-wind-down-of-basic-income-research-project S-26]. As a result, the valuable insights and experiences of basic income recipients risked being abandoned and lost. The present report aims to partially fill this gap by providing an overview of the effects of basic income on the lives of recipients in the Hamilton, Brantford and Brant County. [https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/news/access-southern-ontario2019s-basic-income-experience-report S-11]

Article: https://newatlas.com/good-thinking/canada-basic-income-experiment-ontario-report-results/

==== BICN Study 2019====

BICN, in conjunction with The Lindsay Advocate, released a [https://lindsayadvocate.ca/new-report-shows-ontario-basic-income-pilot-was-on-track-for-success/ survey report] earlier in 2019, after the PC government cancelled the Ontario Basic Income pilot that was running in Lindsay, Hamilton area, and Thunder Bay area. Called ''[https://assets.nationbuilder.com/bicn/pages/42/attachments/original/1551664357/BICN_-_Signposts_to_Success.pdf Signposts to Success]'', it documented the experiences of recipients in the pilot and provided compelling indicators of lives remarkably changed for the better. <ul><li>58% improved their housing situation;</li><li>34% found the basic income supported employment by affording transportation to work, child care or ability to start or expand a business;</li><li>32% of respondents were able to go back to school or upgrade skills (note that a majority of employed participants in the government baseline survey – recipients and control group – said they were in dead-end jobs);</li><li>74% were able to make healthy food choices and 28% stopped using food banks;</li><li>46% were able to pay off debt;</li><li>52% were able to see friends and family more often</li><li>55% were physically more able to do activities</li><li>45% reported fewer health problems</li>

== Current Basic Income Programs in Canada ==
There are currently 2 Basic Income programs in Canada. Newfoundland has introduced a program for Young Adults coming out of care (approx 300), and Quebec has announced a Basic Income program starting in January 2023 for those with limited or permanent inability for employment such as those with Disabilities.
=== Quebec Basic Income ===
See '''[[Quebec Basic Income]]

=== Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income ===

See '''[[Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income Pilot]]'''

== International Pilots, Maps, Resources ==
=== Finland ===
Link: Results of Finland's basic income experiment: small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing - News archive for customers - kela.fi - [https://www.kela.fi/web/en/news-archive/-/asset_publisher/lN08GY2nIrZo/content/results-of-the-basic-income-experiment-small-employment-effects-better-perceived-economic-security-and-mental-wellbeing S-25]

=== Spain ===
Spain’s government has introduced a basic monthly income for struggling families amid the growing hardship caused by the outbreak of the new coronavirus.

The move announced on May 29, 2020 and was part of 2019's coalition agreement between socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and Pablo Iglesias, the head of the left-wing alliance Unidas Podemos (UP).

The measure, which is expected to cost an annual three billion euros ($3.3bn), is aimed at ending extreme poverty, which affects about 600,000 homes and 1.6 million people.

It will guarantee an income of 462 euros ($512) a month for an adult living alone, while for families, there would be an additional 139 euros ($154) per person, whether adult or child, up to a monthly maximum of 1,015 euros ($1,126) for every home.[https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/5/30/spain-introduces-basic-income-scheme-to-tackle-poverty S-24]

== Books on Basic Income ==

Scott Santens has built a page with over 175 books on Basic Income. We highly recommend you check out [https://medium.com/basic-income/the-big-library-books-about-basic-income-b9763071b987 '''The BIG Library: Books About Universal Basic Income (UBI)]

== Low Income Measures ==

There are many measures to determine Low Income Statistics in Canada. GLBI uses the Low Income Measure "See [[Poverty Measures]]" as described by Statistics Canada.

Additionally, there is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO). LICO is considered the "Official Poverty Line" of Canada providing statistics regionally, however LIM is used as a more international standard of poverty and just nationally.

== Other Research Pages ==

There are many other resources on the internet that have gathered an archive about Basic Income both in Canada and Internationally. We encourage you to check out the following:

• [https://basicincome.org/research/ '''BasicIncome.Org Research]

== References ==

For references and links related to this article and those published by the author of this site please see [[References]]
[[Category:Guaranteed liveable basic income]]
[[Category:Income assistance]]
[[Category:Canada]]

Guaranteed Livable Basic Income

2022-12-17T04:13:50Z

JVander2022:

'''Guaranteed Livable Basic Income''' (GLBI) in Canada refers to the debate and trials with basic income, negative income and related welfare systems in Canada. The debate goes back to the 1930s when the social credit movement had ideas around those lines. Following in 1940 with the establishment of the Employment Insurance system, 1945 for Maternity Benefits (EI) and the Family Allowances Act, which was the first universal welfare program implemented in Canada under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie King. As a government Income Security Expenditure, payments were transferred directly to the individual who qualified for them, in this case the mother of the children concerned[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/family-allowance.html S-1].

During the decades that followed, GLBI has been supported in various forms by different Political Parties, which have at times been at odds with how to implement such a strategy while not impeding on Provincial jurisdiction.

According to the Fraser Institute The share of Canada’s population aged 65 or older increased from 14.1 percent in 2010 to 19.0 percent in 2022. Statistics Canada data projects this number will increase to 25 percent by the middle of the century. The share of Canada’s population that is of working age is shrinking, while the share that is age 65 or over is growing.

In 1966 there were 7.7 working-age individuals for every senior. This ratio has dropped quickly since then and stands at 3.4 in 2022. Statistics Canada projects this trend will continue in the decades ahead. There will be just 3.0 working-age people for each senior by 2027, after which the ratio will slowly fall further to reach 2.3 by 2068. [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/understanding-the-changing-ratio-of-working-age-canadians-to-seniors-and-its-consequences S-28]
<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>
== GLBI vs UBI ==
[[File:2023rates.png|thumb|2023 GLBI Rates adjusted for Inflation]]
[[File:pwd1.png|thumb|A person with a Disability could receive $26,596 a year in 2023]]
Guaranteed Livable Basic Income is not Universal Basic Income. While UBI is considered cheaper per person to maintain from a 'Universal' and 'Administrative' standpoint, a GLBI being means tested recovers funding by ensuring cost-effective income testing. For GLBI, this is done on an annual basis, contrary to the existing Social Support systems in place provincially that test income on a monthly basis (ex. PEI).

Since 2017 GLBI according to the Ontario Basic Income Pilot formula, and adjusting for inflation based on the SPSD/M 28.0 2022 Calendar Year Low Income Measure, has raised by over twelve percent. This is almost consistent with the Bank of Canada Inflation Calculator estimate of 14.88 percent over 5 years. citation needed

Universal Basic Income is viewed by some as an easier method, however when looking at the overall costs associated with a Universal Benefit, even at $500 per month would cost the Canadian Government $222 Billion. Whereas a GLBI with a minimal income testing level of 15% would help over 50% of Canadian Households with a minimum income while coming in at under that amount. Thus protecting lower income households from the future disconnect of higher earning families, but also helping those same higher earners who are paying for the program. 
[[File:changing-ratio-infographic.jpg|thumb|Shrinking ratio of working-age Canadians]]
The same 15% scenario, would allow Canadians when Single (Household) to earn upwards of $137,000 ($169,000) per year before being phased out of the program.

== History ==
The humanist philosopher Thomas More, writing in his seminal 1516 work Utopia, argued for a universal basic income.

The Nobel Prize winning activist Bertrand Russell proposed in 1918 that a universal basic income, "sufficient for necessities, should be secured for all, whether they work or not, and that a larger income should be given to those who are willing to engage in some work which the community recognizes as useful. On this basis we may build further."

Bertrand's view was that providing the basic needs of every citizen would free them up to work on more important societal goals and live more harmoniously with their fellow man.

After World War II, economist Milton Friedman floated the idea of a guaranteed income. Friedman wrote: "We should replace the ragbag of specific welfare programs with a single comprehensive program of income supplements in cash — a negative income tax. It would provide an assured minimum to all persons in need, regardless of the reasons for their need… A negative income tax provides comprehensive reform which would do more efficiently and humanely what our present welfare system does so inefficiently and inhumanely."[http://thoughtco.com/universal-basic-income-definition-and-history-4149802. S-2]

In 1935, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was enacted by the Parliament of Canada, during the final months of the government of R. B. Bennett. The Act was intended to introduce a nationwide employment insurance scheme, and also convince voters that Bennett was willing to intervene aggressively in the economy, as President Roosevelt had done in the United States with the New Deal. However, the Act was not incumbent of any type of Guaranteed Income.

At the same time, William Aberhart, Premier of Alberta, was inspired by Major C. H. Douglas Social Credit theory and tried to implement a basic income for Albertans during the 1930s. However, he was thwarted in his attempts by the Federal Government of the time. [https://umanitoba.academia.edu/JimMulvale S-3]

In 1936, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada, as unemployment insurance was found to fall under one of the heads of power assigned by Canada's constitution to the provinces. The ruling of the Supreme Court was upheld by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1937. The Employment and Social Insurance Act therefore failed to achieve its policy goal, as Canada was left for a time without unemployment insurance.

This change in position followed the Privy Council's decision in the Aeronautics Reference, which declared:

<q>There may also be cases where the Dominion is entitled to speak for the whole, and this not because of any judicial interpretation of ss. 91 and 92, but by reason of the plain terms of s. 132, where Canada as a whole, having undertaken an obligation, is given the power necessary and proper for performing such an obligation.</q>

The first compulsory national unemployment insurance program was instituted in August 1940 under the King government after a constitutional amendment was agreed to by all of the Canadian provinces, to concede to the federal government legislative power over unemployment insurance. New Brunswick, Alberta and Quebec had held out against the federal government's desire to amend the constitution but ultimately acceded to its request, Alberta being the last to do so. The British North America Act s. 91 was amended by adding in a heading designated Number 2A simply in the words "Unemployment Insurance".

== Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) ==
• Coalition Canada has posted a [https://basicincomecoalition.ca/en/actions/basic-income-week/the-bi-we-want/faq/ '''Frequently Asked Questions about Basic Income] 
• Scott Santens has posted [https://www.scottsantens.com/basic-income-faq/ '''A Guide to Basic Income: Frequently Asked Questions about UBI] 
• Basic Income Canada Network has posted [https://basicincomecanada.org/faq/ '''FAQ - Basic Income Canada] 
• CEO's for Basic Income has posted [https://ceosforbasicincome.ca/faq '''FAQ - CEOsforbasicincome.ca] 
• Basic Income NL has posted [https://www.basicincomenl.ca/faq '''FAQ - Basic Income Newfoundland] 
• UBI.org has posted [https://www.ubi.org/51/basic-income-faq '''Basic Income FAQ] 

== Pilots Programs ==
There have been 2 pilots in Canada thus far, that have been funded directly from provincial governments in the search for viable data towards a Basic Income in their province. In the late 1970's Manitoba had their pilot, and in the 2010's for Ontario. Both pilots ended with a change of government and no renewal or cancellation.

It is without certainty if Manitoba's Mincome experiment would have continued if it was without a change in government. In Ontario, the cancellation of the Basic Income Pilot was without public consultation or warning, propelling those 4,000 recipients back onto provincial programs that were more than a $700 drop per month in income, nearly equal to the entire funding of Ontario Works as a single recipient at maximum rate. After the cancellation of Basic Income in Ontario, there was no rate increase for the system for nearly 4 years.

During the 2022 Ontario General Election, all 4 major parties in Ontario campaigned on different Social Assistance platforms. Initially, the Ontario PC Party introduced their Budget 2022 before the election, not initially planning on any increase to the Ontario Works, ODSP programs. During the campaign the New Democratic Party campaigned on a 20% increase to ODSP and OW while indexing future increases to inflation, followed by the Ontario Liberal Party with 10% the first year, and an additional 10% of the 2022 rate in the following year while indexing to inflation continuing, the Ontario Greens Party had before the election called for an increase of 100% to the program.

Midway through the campaign, Andrea Horwath the leader of the New Democrats for Ontario, announced a new effort to change their plan from just the 20% increase to a 20% increase in year 1, and increasing rates to the 100% mark of the 2022 rate in year 2 while some advocates and MPPs were unclear if inflation would also be added in year 2.

Mike Morrice who is the Ontario Greens Leader, has openly encouraged his support for GLBI as a means to help the vulnerable population like recipients of the Ontario Disability Support Program, while waiting for the Canada Disability Benefit as well.

=== Manitoba Mincome ===
The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome), conducted some 40 years ago, was an ambitious social experiment designed to assess a range of behavioural responses to a negative income tax, a specific form of Guaranteed Annual Income.

Prompted by the analysis of poverty from the Economic Council of Canada (1968), the Special Senate Committee on Poverty (1971) recommended implementation of a federally financed and administered Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) program to address poverty. The Manitoba government led by Ed Schreyer was receptive to the idea of an experimental project to test such a program and submitted a proposal for funding to the Department of National Health and Welfare in March 1973. The minority federal Liberal government led by Pierre Trudeau, which had called for a review of Canada’s social security system in the 1973 Throne Speech, was also receptive to the idea of a trial guaranteed income plan. The two governments entered discussions and reached formal agreement on the budget for a Basic Annual Income Experiment Project in June 1974.[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

"Over the years, but particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, considerable effort has been spent in the examination of this
system [of personal income and transfers] and its component programs, with a view to identifying potential improvements in the areas of fairness, effectiveness, efficiency, and simplicity. These interests led to one of the most significant
social experiments in Canadian history, namely the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome)."
—Judith Maxwell, chairman of the Economic Council of Canada, in the Foreword to Hum and Simpson (1991, ix).[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

==== Dr. Evelyn Forget ====

The author of the 2018 book "Basic Income for Canadians: The Key to a Healthier, Happier and More Secure Life for All", which was shortlisted for the 2018/19 Donner Prize. In 2020, Forget updated the book to focus on the impact of the pandemic, titled "Basic Income for Canadians: From the COVID-19 Emergency to Financial Security for All."[https://news.umanitoba.ca/donner-prize-announces-the-2018-2019-shortlist/ S-8][https://cpj.ca/book-review/book-review-basic-income-for-canadians-from-the-covid-19-emergency-to-financial-security-for-all/ S-9][https://worldcat.org/oclc/1155520735 S-10]

==== David Calnitsky ====
No final Mincome report was issued, by the government at the time, but a federal grant established the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Manitoba University of Manitoba] in 1981. The institute developed a machine-readable database of the results of Mincome, leaving the analysis of the experiment to individual academic initiatives.

In February 2016, David Calnitsky wrote a study about the Manitoba Mincome Program along with professionals from various specialties.

"This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (1333623) and Institute for Research on Poverty. I would like to thank Ryan Courchene, David Horky, and, especially, David Cuthbert for assistance navigating the Mincome accession at the Library and Archives Canada. The survey referenced herein and other archival documents cited are held at Library and Archives Canada (Winnipeg, MB); Department of Health fonds including the former Department of National Health and Welfare fonds, RG 29; and Policy, Planning and Information Branch sous-fonds, branch accession number 2004-01167-X, “Operational Files of Manitoba Basic Annual Income Project (Mincome).” Thanks are also due to Stewart Deyell, Sabrina Kinsella, and the production team at Statistics Canada for assistance in data construction and to Evelyn Forget, Erik Olin Wright, Robert Freeland, Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Tatiana Alfonso, Pilar Goñalons-Pons, Jonathan Latner, Aliza Luft, and Madeleine Ritts for helpful comments on earlier drafts."

The report being available online for free at https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12091

=== Ontario Basic Income Pilot ===
In June 2016, the Province of Ontario asked the Honorable Hugh Segal, a
former senator, to provide advice on how to design a basic income pilot
project.

In his subsequent discussion paper, Segal recommended that the province
test a negative income tax model that provides recipients with 75 per cent of
the low-income measure, regardless of their employment status.[https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-1819-370--costing-a-national-guaranteed-basic-income--etablissement-du-cout-dun-revenu-de S-4][http://www.progressiveeconomics.ca/2006/09/07/pondering-a-guaranteed-annual-income/ S-5]

''' ''In the 2017 the Ontario Budget Basic Income Pilot was funded.'' '''

In response to structural changes in the labour market, the government is developing innovative approaches to support Ontarians. This includes moving forward with the Basic Income Pilot, first announced in the 2016 Budget. A three‐year pilot will test the idea that providing people with a basic income could be a simpler and more effective way to ensure security and opportunity in a changing job market, support people living on low incomes, and reduce poverty. The Honourable Hugh Segal, a long‐time advocate and the Province’s Special Advisor for the design and implementation of Ontario’s Basic Income Pilot, delivered a discussion paper in fall 2016. Guided in part by this paper, the government prepared a consultation document that focused on key questions, such as eligibility for the pilot, where the pilot should take place, what the basic income level should be, and how best to evaluate it. Public consultations took place from November 2016 to January 2017, with more than 35,000 people and a number of organization participating. In March 2017, the government released the Basic Income Consultations: What We Heard report summarizing the feedback from the consultations. Many participants voiced support for a basic income pilot that includes a representative sample of Ontarians, lifts people out of poverty, reflects the province’s diversity, runs efficiently and measures specific outcomes. In addition, through a separate but parallel process, a basic income pilot for First Nations is being co‐created and designed. Section D: Building Inclusive Communities and Improving the Justice System 165 CHAPTER IV Three communities across the province — Hamilton, Thunder Bay, and Lindsay — will be eligible for participants aged 18 to 64. Through this pilot, people earning below a specified amount will receive regular payments that will help them better afford basic needs like housing or food, and participate in the community. Enrollment will be voluntary and based on informed consent. Work will continue with experts and communities to ensure delivery of a Basic Income Pilot that is fair, effective, and based on a representative sample.[https://collections.ola.org/mon/31005/339601.pdf S-102]

==== McMaster & Ryerson Universities Study ====

In 2017, the Government of Ontario selected Hamilton, Brantford, and Brant County as one of the three sites to take part in a three-year basic income pilot project. During that time, selected individuals in each of the communities served by the pilot were to receive a basic income from the government and become key informants in the evaluation of the program.
However, the June 2018 general election in Ontario saw a new government come to power and cancel the pilot just more than a year after it had begun. At the time, Community and Social Services Minister Lisa MacLeod stated that the pilot was cancelled because it was “failing.” This report raises questions about this assessment. Besides prematurely cutting off payments to recipients in March 2019, the government also announced it would cease evaluation activities as of July 2018[https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/49980/ontarios-government-for-the-people-announces-compassionate-wind-down-of-basic-income-research-project S-26]. As a result, the valuable insights and experiences of basic income recipients risked being abandoned and lost. The present report aims to partially fill this gap by providing an overview of the effects of basic income on the lives of recipients in the Hamilton, Brantford and Brant County. [https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/news/access-southern-ontario2019s-basic-income-experience-report S-11]

Article: https://newatlas.com/good-thinking/canada-basic-income-experiment-ontario-report-results/

==== BICN Study 2019====

BICN, in conjunction with The Lindsay Advocate, released a [https://lindsayadvocate.ca/new-report-shows-ontario-basic-income-pilot-was-on-track-for-success/ survey report] earlier in 2019, after the PC government cancelled the Ontario Basic Income pilot that was running in Lindsay, Hamilton area, and Thunder Bay area. Called ''[https://assets.nationbuilder.com/bicn/pages/42/attachments/original/1551664357/BICN_-_Signposts_to_Success.pdf Signposts to Success]'', it documented the experiences of recipients in the pilot and provided compelling indicators of lives remarkably changed for the better. <ul><li>58% improved their housing situation;</li><li>34% found the basic income supported employment by affording transportation to work, child care or ability to start or expand a business;</li><li>32% of respondents were able to go back to school or upgrade skills (note that a majority of employed participants in the government baseline survey – recipients and control group – said they were in dead-end jobs);</li><li>74% were able to make healthy food choices and 28% stopped using food banks;</li><li>46% were able to pay off debt;</li><li>52% were able to see friends and family more often</li><li>55% were physically more able to do activities</li><li>45% reported fewer health problems</li>

== Current Basic Income Programs in Canada ==
There are currently 2 Basic Income programs in Canada. Newfoundland has introduced a program for Young Adults coming out of care (approx 300), and Quebec has announced a Basic Income program starting in January 2023 for those with limited or permanent inability for employment such as those with Disabilities.
=== Quebec Basic Income ===
See '''[[Quebec Basic Income]]

=== Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income ===

See '''[[Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income Pilot]]'''

== International Pilots, Maps, Resources ==
=== Finland ===
Link: Results of Finland's basic income experiment: small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing - News archive for customers - kela.fi - [https://www.kela.fi/web/en/news-archive/-/asset_publisher/lN08GY2nIrZo/content/results-of-the-basic-income-experiment-small-employment-effects-better-perceived-economic-security-and-mental-wellbeing S-25]

=== Spain ===
Spain’s government has introduced a basic monthly income for struggling families amid the growing hardship caused by the outbreak of the new coronavirus.

The move announced on May 29, 2020 and was part of 2019's coalition agreement between socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and Pablo Iglesias, the head of the left-wing alliance Unidas Podemos (UP).

The measure, which is expected to cost an annual three billion euros ($3.3bn), is aimed at ending extreme poverty, which affects about 600,000 homes and 1.6 million people.

It will guarantee an income of 462 euros ($512) a month for an adult living alone, while for families, there would be an additional 139 euros ($154) per person, whether adult or child, up to a monthly maximum of 1,015 euros ($1,126) for every home.[https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/5/30/spain-introduces-basic-income-scheme-to-tackle-poverty S-24]

== Books on Basic Income ==

Scott Santens has built a page with over 175 books on Basic Income. We highly recommend you check out [https://medium.com/basic-income/the-big-library-books-about-basic-income-b9763071b987 '''The BIG Library: Books About Universal Basic Income (UBI)]

== Low Income Measures ==

There are many measures to determine Low Income Statistics in Canada. GLBI uses the Low Income Measure "See [[Poverty Measures]]" as described by Statistics Canada.

Additionally, there is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO). LICO is considered the "Official Poverty Line" of Canada providing statistics regionally, however LIM is used as a more international standard of poverty and just nationally.

== Other Research Pages ==

There are many other resources on the internet that have gathered an archive about Basic Income both in Canada and Internationally. We encourage you to check out the following:

• [https://basicincome.org/research/ '''BasicIncome.Org Research]

== References ==

For references and links related to this article and those published by the author of this site please see [[References]]
[[Category:Guaranteed liveable basic income]]
[[Category:Income assistance]]
[[Category:Canada]]

Guaranteed Livable Basic Income

2022-12-17T04:11:10Z

JVander2022: /* McMaster University Study */

<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>
'''Guaranteed Livable Basic Income''' (GLBI) in Canada refers to the debate and trials with basic income, negative income and related welfare systems in Canada. The debate goes back to the 1930s when the social credit movement had ideas around those lines. Following in 1940 with the establishment of the Employment Insurance system, 1945 for Maternity Benefits (EI) and the Family Allowances Act, which was the first universal welfare program implemented in Canada under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie King. As a government Income Security Expenditure, payments were transferred directly to the individual who qualified for them, in this case the mother of the children concerned[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/family-allowance.html S-1].

During the decades that followed, GLBI has been supported in various forms by different Political Parties, which have at times been at odds with how to implement such a strategy while not impeding on Provincial jurisdiction.

According to the Fraser Institute The share of Canada’s population aged 65 or older increased from 14.1 percent in 2010 to 19.0 percent in 2022. Statistics Canada data projects this number will increase to 25 percent by the middle of the century. The share of Canada’s population that is of working age is shrinking, while the share that is age 65 or over is growing.

In 1966 there were 7.7 working-age individuals for every senior. This ratio has dropped quickly since then and stands at 3.4 in 2022. Statistics Canada projects this trend will continue in the decades ahead. There will be just 3.0 working-age people for each senior by 2027, after which the ratio will slowly fall further to reach 2.3 by 2068. [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/understanding-the-changing-ratio-of-working-age-canadians-to-seniors-and-its-consequences S-28]

== GLBI vs UBI ==
[[File:2023rates.png|thumb|2023 GLBI Rates adjusted for Inflation]]
[[File:pwd1.png|thumb|A person with a Disability could receive $26,596 a year in 2023]]
Guaranteed Livable Basic Income is not Universal Basic Income. While UBI is considered cheaper per person to maintain from a 'Universal' and 'Administrative' standpoint, a GLBI being means tested recovers funding by ensuring cost-effective income testing. For GLBI, this is done on an annual basis, contrary to the existing Social Support systems in place provincially that test income on a monthly basis (ex. PEI).

Since 2017 GLBI according to the Ontario Basic Income Pilot formula, and adjusting for inflation based on the SPSD/M 28.0 2022 Calendar Year Low Income Measure, has raised by over twelve percent. This is almost consistent with the Bank of Canada Inflation Calculator estimate of 14.88 percent over 5 years. citation needed

Universal Basic Income is viewed by some as an easier method, however when looking at the overall costs associated with a Universal Benefit, even at $500 per month would cost the Canadian Government $222 Billion. Whereas a GLBI with a minimal income testing level of 15% would help over 50% of Canadian Households with a minimum income while coming in at under that amount. Thus protecting lower income households from the future disconnect of higher earning families, but also helping those same higher earners who are paying for the program. 
[[File:changing-ratio-infographic.jpg|thumb|Shrinking ratio of working-age Canadians]]
The same 15% scenario, would allow Canadians when Single (Household) to earn upwards of $137,000 ($169,000) per year before being phased out of the program.

== History ==
The humanist philosopher Thomas More, writing in his seminal 1516 work Utopia, argued for a universal basic income.

The Nobel Prize winning activist Bertrand Russell proposed in 1918 that a universal basic income, "sufficient for necessities, should be secured for all, whether they work or not, and that a larger income should be given to those who are willing to engage in some work which the community recognizes as useful. On this basis we may build further."

Bertrand's view was that providing the basic needs of every citizen would free them up to work on more important societal goals and live more harmoniously with their fellow man.

After World War II, economist Milton Friedman floated the idea of a guaranteed income. Friedman wrote: "We should replace the ragbag of specific welfare programs with a single comprehensive program of income supplements in cash — a negative income tax. It would provide an assured minimum to all persons in need, regardless of the reasons for their need… A negative income tax provides comprehensive reform which would do more efficiently and humanely what our present welfare system does so inefficiently and inhumanely."[http://thoughtco.com/universal-basic-income-definition-and-history-4149802. S-2]

In 1935, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was enacted by the Parliament of Canada, during the final months of the government of R. B. Bennett. The Act was intended to introduce a nationwide employment insurance scheme, and also convince voters that Bennett was willing to intervene aggressively in the economy, as President Roosevelt had done in the United States with the New Deal. However, the Act was not incumbent of any type of Guaranteed Income.

At the same time, William Aberhart, Premier of Alberta, was inspired by Major C. H. Douglas Social Credit theory and tried to implement a basic income for Albertans during the 1930s. However, he was thwarted in his attempts by the Federal Government of the time. [https://umanitoba.academia.edu/JimMulvale S-3]

In 1936, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada, as unemployment insurance was found to fall under one of the heads of power assigned by Canada's constitution to the provinces. The ruling of the Supreme Court was upheld by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1937. The Employment and Social Insurance Act therefore failed to achieve its policy goal, as Canada was left for a time without unemployment insurance.

This change in position followed the Privy Council's decision in the Aeronautics Reference, which declared:

<q>There may also be cases where the Dominion is entitled to speak for the whole, and this not because of any judicial interpretation of ss. 91 and 92, but by reason of the plain terms of s. 132, where Canada as a whole, having undertaken an obligation, is given the power necessary and proper for performing such an obligation.</q>

The first compulsory national unemployment insurance program was instituted in August 1940 under the King government after a constitutional amendment was agreed to by all of the Canadian provinces, to concede to the federal government legislative power over unemployment insurance. New Brunswick, Alberta and Quebec had held out against the federal government's desire to amend the constitution but ultimately acceded to its request, Alberta being the last to do so. The British North America Act s. 91 was amended by adding in a heading designated Number 2A simply in the words "Unemployment Insurance".

== Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) ==
• Coalition Canada has posted a [https://basicincomecoalition.ca/en/actions/basic-income-week/the-bi-we-want/faq/ '''Frequently Asked Questions about Basic Income] 
• Scott Santens has posted [https://www.scottsantens.com/basic-income-faq/ '''A Guide to Basic Income: Frequently Asked Questions about UBI] 
• Basic Income Canada Network has posted [https://basicincomecanada.org/faq/ '''FAQ - Basic Income Canada] 
• CEO's for Basic Income has posted [https://ceosforbasicincome.ca/faq '''FAQ - CEOsforbasicincome.ca] 
• Basic Income NL has posted [https://www.basicincomenl.ca/faq '''FAQ - Basic Income Newfoundland] 
• UBI.org has posted [https://www.ubi.org/51/basic-income-faq '''Basic Income FAQ] 

== Pilots Programs ==
There have been 2 pilots in Canada thus far, that have been funded directly from provincial governments in the search for viable data towards a Basic Income in their province. In the late 1970's Manitoba had their pilot, and in the 2010's for Ontario. Both pilots ended with a change of government and no renewal or cancellation.

It is without certainty if Manitoba's Mincome experiment would have continued if it was without a change in government. In Ontario, the cancellation of the Basic Income Pilot was without public consultation or warning, propelling those 4,000 recipients back onto provincial programs that were more than a $700 drop per month in income, nearly equal to the entire funding of Ontario Works as a single recipient at maximum rate. After the cancellation of Basic Income in Ontario, there was no rate increase for the system for nearly 4 years.

During the 2022 Ontario General Election, all 4 major parties in Ontario campaigned on different Social Assistance platforms. Initially, the Ontario PC Party introduced their Budget 2022 before the election, not initially planning on any increase to the Ontario Works, ODSP programs. During the campaign the New Democratic Party campaigned on a 20% increase to ODSP and OW while indexing future increases to inflation, followed by the Ontario Liberal Party with 10% the first year, and an additional 10% of the 2022 rate in the following year while indexing to inflation continuing, the Ontario Greens Party had before the election called for an increase of 100% to the program.

Midway through the campaign, Andrea Horwath the leader of the New Democrats for Ontario, announced a new effort to change their plan from just the 20% increase to a 20% increase in year 1, and increasing rates to the 100% mark of the 2022 rate in year 2 while some advocates and MPPs were unclear if inflation would also be added in year 2.

Mike Morrice who is the Ontario Greens Leader, has openly encouraged his support for GLBI as a means to help the vulnerable population like recipients of the Ontario Disability Support Program, while waiting for the Canada Disability Benefit as well.

=== Manitoba Mincome ===
The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome), conducted some 40 years ago, was an ambitious social experiment designed to assess a range of behavioural responses to a negative income tax, a specific form of Guaranteed Annual Income.

Prompted by the analysis of poverty from the Economic Council of Canada (1968), the Special Senate Committee on Poverty (1971) recommended implementation of a federally financed and administered Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) program to address poverty. The Manitoba government led by Ed Schreyer was receptive to the idea of an experimental project to test such a program and submitted a proposal for funding to the Department of National Health and Welfare in March 1973. The minority federal Liberal government led by Pierre Trudeau, which had called for a review of Canada’s social security system in the 1973 Throne Speech, was also receptive to the idea of a trial guaranteed income plan. The two governments entered discussions and reached formal agreement on the budget for a Basic Annual Income Experiment Project in June 1974.[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

"Over the years, but particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, considerable effort has been spent in the examination of this
system [of personal income and transfers] and its component programs, with a view to identifying potential improvements in the areas of fairness, effectiveness, efficiency, and simplicity. These interests led to one of the most significant
social experiments in Canadian history, namely the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome)."
—Judith Maxwell, chairman of the Economic Council of Canada, in the Foreword to Hum and Simpson (1991, ix).[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

==== Dr. Evelyn Forget ====

The author of the 2018 book "Basic Income for Canadians: The Key to a Healthier, Happier and More Secure Life for All", which was shortlisted for the 2018/19 Donner Prize. In 2020, Forget updated the book to focus on the impact of the pandemic, titled "Basic Income for Canadians: From the COVID-19 Emergency to Financial Security for All."[https://news.umanitoba.ca/donner-prize-announces-the-2018-2019-shortlist/ S-8][https://cpj.ca/book-review/book-review-basic-income-for-canadians-from-the-covid-19-emergency-to-financial-security-for-all/ S-9][https://worldcat.org/oclc/1155520735 S-10]

==== David Calnitsky ====
No final Mincome report was issued, by the government at the time, but a federal grant established the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Manitoba University of Manitoba] in 1981. The institute developed a machine-readable database of the results of Mincome, leaving the analysis of the experiment to individual academic initiatives.

In February 2016, David Calnitsky wrote a study about the Manitoba Mincome Program along with professionals from various specialties.

"This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (1333623) and Institute for Research on Poverty. I would like to thank Ryan Courchene, David Horky, and, especially, David Cuthbert for assistance navigating the Mincome accession at the Library and Archives Canada. The survey referenced herein and other archival documents cited are held at Library and Archives Canada (Winnipeg, MB); Department of Health fonds including the former Department of National Health and Welfare fonds, RG 29; and Policy, Planning and Information Branch sous-fonds, branch accession number 2004-01167-X, “Operational Files of Manitoba Basic Annual Income Project (Mincome).” Thanks are also due to Stewart Deyell, Sabrina Kinsella, and the production team at Statistics Canada for assistance in data construction and to Evelyn Forget, Erik Olin Wright, Robert Freeland, Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Tatiana Alfonso, Pilar Goñalons-Pons, Jonathan Latner, Aliza Luft, and Madeleine Ritts for helpful comments on earlier drafts."

The report being available online for free at https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12091

=== Ontario Basic Income Pilot ===
In June 2016, the Province of Ontario asked the Honorable Hugh Segal, a
former senator, to provide advice on how to design a basic income pilot
project.

In his subsequent discussion paper, Segal recommended that the province
test a negative income tax model that provides recipients with 75 per cent of
the low-income measure, regardless of their employment status.[https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-1819-370--costing-a-national-guaranteed-basic-income--etablissement-du-cout-dun-revenu-de S-4][http://www.progressiveeconomics.ca/2006/09/07/pondering-a-guaranteed-annual-income/ S-5]

''' ''In the 2017 the Ontario Budget Basic Income Pilot was funded.'' '''

In response to structural changes in the labour market, the government is developing innovative approaches to support Ontarians. This includes moving forward with the Basic Income Pilot, first announced in the 2016 Budget. A three‐year pilot will test the idea that providing people with a basic income could be a simpler and more effective way to ensure security and opportunity in a changing job market, support people living on low incomes, and reduce poverty. The Honourable Hugh Segal, a long‐time advocate and the Province’s Special Advisor for the design and implementation of Ontario’s Basic Income Pilot, delivered a discussion paper in fall 2016. Guided in part by this paper, the government prepared a consultation document that focused on key questions, such as eligibility for the pilot, where the pilot should take place, what the basic income level should be, and how best to evaluate it. Public consultations took place from November 2016 to January 2017, with more than 35,000 people and a number of organization participating. In March 2017, the government released the Basic Income Consultations: What We Heard report summarizing the feedback from the consultations. Many participants voiced support for a basic income pilot that includes a representative sample of Ontarians, lifts people out of poverty, reflects the province’s diversity, runs efficiently and measures specific outcomes. In addition, through a separate but parallel process, a basic income pilot for First Nations is being co‐created and designed. Section D: Building Inclusive Communities and Improving the Justice System 165 CHAPTER IV Three communities across the province — Hamilton, Thunder Bay, and Lindsay — will be eligible for participants aged 18 to 64. Through this pilot, people earning below a specified amount will receive regular payments that will help them better afford basic needs like housing or food, and participate in the community. Enrollment will be voluntary and based on informed consent. Work will continue with experts and communities to ensure delivery of a Basic Income Pilot that is fair, effective, and based on a representative sample.[https://collections.ola.org/mon/31005/339601.pdf S-102]

==== McMaster & Ryerson Universities Study ====

In 2017, the Government of Ontario selected Hamilton, Brantford, and Brant County as one of the three sites to take part in a three-year basic income pilot project. During that time, selected individuals in each of the communities served by the pilot were to receive a basic income from the government and become key informants in the evaluation of the program.
However, the June 2018 general election in Ontario saw a new government come to power and cancel the pilot just more than a year after it had begun. At the time, Community and Social Services Minister Lisa MacLeod stated that the pilot was cancelled because it was “failing.” This report raises questions about this assessment. Besides prematurely cutting off payments to recipients in March 2019, the government also announced it would cease evaluation activities as of July 2018[https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/49980/ontarios-government-for-the-people-announces-compassionate-wind-down-of-basic-income-research-project S-26]. As a result, the valuable insights and experiences of basic income recipients risked being abandoned and lost. The present report aims to partially fill this gap by providing an overview of the effects of basic income on the lives of recipients in the Hamilton, Brantford and Brant County. [https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/news/access-southern-ontario2019s-basic-income-experience-report S-11]

Article: https://newatlas.com/good-thinking/canada-basic-income-experiment-ontario-report-results/

==== BICN Study 2019====

BICN, in conjunction with The Lindsay Advocate, released a [https://lindsayadvocate.ca/new-report-shows-ontario-basic-income-pilot-was-on-track-for-success/ survey report] earlier in 2019, after the PC government cancelled the Ontario Basic Income pilot that was running in Lindsay, Hamilton area, and Thunder Bay area. Called ''[https://assets.nationbuilder.com/bicn/pages/42/attachments/original/1551664357/BICN_-_Signposts_to_Success.pdf Signposts to Success]'', it documented the experiences of recipients in the pilot and provided compelling indicators of lives remarkably changed for the better. <ul><li>58% improved their housing situation;</li><li>34% found the basic income supported employment by affording transportation to work, child care or ability to start or expand a business;</li><li>32% of respondents were able to go back to school or upgrade skills (note that a majority of employed participants in the government baseline survey – recipients and control group – said they were in dead-end jobs);</li><li>74% were able to make healthy food choices and 28% stopped using food banks;</li><li>46% were able to pay off debt;</li><li>52% were able to see friends and family more often</li><li>55% were physically more able to do activities</li><li>45% reported fewer health problems</li>

== Current Basic Income Programs in Canada ==
There are currently 2 Basic Income programs in Canada. Newfoundland has introduced a program for Young Adults coming out of care (approx 300), and Quebec has announced a Basic Income program starting in January 2023 for those with limited or permanent inability for employment such as those with Disabilities.
=== Quebec Basic Income ===
See '''[[Quebec Basic Income]]

=== Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income ===

See '''[[Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income Pilot]]'''

== International Pilots, Maps, Resources ==
=== Finland ===
Link: Results of Finland's basic income experiment: small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing - News archive for customers - kela.fi - [https://www.kela.fi/web/en/news-archive/-/asset_publisher/lN08GY2nIrZo/content/results-of-the-basic-income-experiment-small-employment-effects-better-perceived-economic-security-and-mental-wellbeing S-25]

=== Spain ===
Spain’s government has introduced a basic monthly income for struggling families amid the growing hardship caused by the outbreak of the new coronavirus.

The move announced on May 29, 2020 and was part of 2019's coalition agreement between socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and Pablo Iglesias, the head of the left-wing alliance Unidas Podemos (UP).

The measure, which is expected to cost an annual three billion euros ($3.3bn), is aimed at ending extreme poverty, which affects about 600,000 homes and 1.6 million people.

It will guarantee an income of 462 euros ($512) a month for an adult living alone, while for families, there would be an additional 139 euros ($154) per person, whether adult or child, up to a monthly maximum of 1,015 euros ($1,126) for every home.[https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/5/30/spain-introduces-basic-income-scheme-to-tackle-poverty S-24]

== Books on Basic Income ==

Scott Santens has built a page with over 175 books on Basic Income. We highly recommend you check out [https://medium.com/basic-income/the-big-library-books-about-basic-income-b9763071b987 '''The BIG Library: Books About Universal Basic Income (UBI)]

== Low Income Measures ==

There are many measures to determine Low Income Statistics in Canada. GLBI uses the Low Income Measure "See [[Poverty Measures]]" as described by Statistics Canada.

Additionally, there is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO). LICO is considered the "Official Poverty Line" of Canada providing statistics regionally, however LIM is used as a more international standard of poverty and just nationally.

== Other Research Pages ==

There are many other resources on the internet that have gathered an archive about Basic Income both in Canada and Internationally. We encourage you to check out the following:

• [https://basicincome.org/research/ '''BasicIncome.Org Research]

== References ==

For references and links related to this article and those published by the author of this site please see [[References]]
[[Category:Guaranteed liveable basic income]]
[[Category:Income assistance]]
[[Category:Canada]]

Guaranteed Livable Basic Income

2022-12-17T04:10:32Z

JVander2022: /* McMaster University Study */

<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>
'''Guaranteed Livable Basic Income''' (GLBI) in Canada refers to the debate and trials with basic income, negative income and related welfare systems in Canada. The debate goes back to the 1930s when the social credit movement had ideas around those lines. Following in 1940 with the establishment of the Employment Insurance system, 1945 for Maternity Benefits (EI) and the Family Allowances Act, which was the first universal welfare program implemented in Canada under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie King. As a government Income Security Expenditure, payments were transferred directly to the individual who qualified for them, in this case the mother of the children concerned[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/family-allowance.html S-1].

During the decades that followed, GLBI has been supported in various forms by different Political Parties, which have at times been at odds with how to implement such a strategy while not impeding on Provincial jurisdiction.

According to the Fraser Institute The share of Canada’s population aged 65 or older increased from 14.1 percent in 2010 to 19.0 percent in 2022. Statistics Canada data projects this number will increase to 25 percent by the middle of the century. The share of Canada’s population that is of working age is shrinking, while the share that is age 65 or over is growing.

In 1966 there were 7.7 working-age individuals for every senior. This ratio has dropped quickly since then and stands at 3.4 in 2022. Statistics Canada projects this trend will continue in the decades ahead. There will be just 3.0 working-age people for each senior by 2027, after which the ratio will slowly fall further to reach 2.3 by 2068. [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/understanding-the-changing-ratio-of-working-age-canadians-to-seniors-and-its-consequences S-28]

== GLBI vs UBI ==
[[File:2023rates.png|thumb|2023 GLBI Rates adjusted for Inflation]]
[[File:pwd1.png|thumb|A person with a Disability could receive $26,596 a year in 2023]]
Guaranteed Livable Basic Income is not Universal Basic Income. While UBI is considered cheaper per person to maintain from a 'Universal' and 'Administrative' standpoint, a GLBI being means tested recovers funding by ensuring cost-effective income testing. For GLBI, this is done on an annual basis, contrary to the existing Social Support systems in place provincially that test income on a monthly basis (ex. PEI).

Since 2017 GLBI according to the Ontario Basic Income Pilot formula, and adjusting for inflation based on the SPSD/M 28.0 2022 Calendar Year Low Income Measure, has raised by over twelve percent. This is almost consistent with the Bank of Canada Inflation Calculator estimate of 14.88 percent over 5 years. citation needed

Universal Basic Income is viewed by some as an easier method, however when looking at the overall costs associated with a Universal Benefit, even at $500 per month would cost the Canadian Government $222 Billion. Whereas a GLBI with a minimal income testing level of 15% would help over 50% of Canadian Households with a minimum income while coming in at under that amount. Thus protecting lower income households from the future disconnect of higher earning families, but also helping those same higher earners who are paying for the program. 
[[File:changing-ratio-infographic.jpg|thumb|Shrinking ratio of working-age Canadians]]
The same 15% scenario, would allow Canadians when Single (Household) to earn upwards of $137,000 ($169,000) per year before being phased out of the program.

== History ==
The humanist philosopher Thomas More, writing in his seminal 1516 work Utopia, argued for a universal basic income.

The Nobel Prize winning activist Bertrand Russell proposed in 1918 that a universal basic income, "sufficient for necessities, should be secured for all, whether they work or not, and that a larger income should be given to those who are willing to engage in some work which the community recognizes as useful. On this basis we may build further."

Bertrand's view was that providing the basic needs of every citizen would free them up to work on more important societal goals and live more harmoniously with their fellow man.

After World War II, economist Milton Friedman floated the idea of a guaranteed income. Friedman wrote: "We should replace the ragbag of specific welfare programs with a single comprehensive program of income supplements in cash — a negative income tax. It would provide an assured minimum to all persons in need, regardless of the reasons for their need… A negative income tax provides comprehensive reform which would do more efficiently and humanely what our present welfare system does so inefficiently and inhumanely."[http://thoughtco.com/universal-basic-income-definition-and-history-4149802. S-2]

In 1935, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was enacted by the Parliament of Canada, during the final months of the government of R. B. Bennett. The Act was intended to introduce a nationwide employment insurance scheme, and also convince voters that Bennett was willing to intervene aggressively in the economy, as President Roosevelt had done in the United States with the New Deal. However, the Act was not incumbent of any type of Guaranteed Income.

At the same time, William Aberhart, Premier of Alberta, was inspired by Major C. H. Douglas Social Credit theory and tried to implement a basic income for Albertans during the 1930s. However, he was thwarted in his attempts by the Federal Government of the time. [https://umanitoba.academia.edu/JimMulvale S-3]

In 1936, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada, as unemployment insurance was found to fall under one of the heads of power assigned by Canada's constitution to the provinces. The ruling of the Supreme Court was upheld by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1937. The Employment and Social Insurance Act therefore failed to achieve its policy goal, as Canada was left for a time without unemployment insurance.

This change in position followed the Privy Council's decision in the Aeronautics Reference, which declared:

<q>There may also be cases where the Dominion is entitled to speak for the whole, and this not because of any judicial interpretation of ss. 91 and 92, but by reason of the plain terms of s. 132, where Canada as a whole, having undertaken an obligation, is given the power necessary and proper for performing such an obligation.</q>

The first compulsory national unemployment insurance program was instituted in August 1940 under the King government after a constitutional amendment was agreed to by all of the Canadian provinces, to concede to the federal government legislative power over unemployment insurance. New Brunswick, Alberta and Quebec had held out against the federal government's desire to amend the constitution but ultimately acceded to its request, Alberta being the last to do so. The British North America Act s. 91 was amended by adding in a heading designated Number 2A simply in the words "Unemployment Insurance".

== Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) ==
• Coalition Canada has posted a [https://basicincomecoalition.ca/en/actions/basic-income-week/the-bi-we-want/faq/ '''Frequently Asked Questions about Basic Income] 
• Scott Santens has posted [https://www.scottsantens.com/basic-income-faq/ '''A Guide to Basic Income: Frequently Asked Questions about UBI] 
• Basic Income Canada Network has posted [https://basicincomecanada.org/faq/ '''FAQ - Basic Income Canada] 
• CEO's for Basic Income has posted [https://ceosforbasicincome.ca/faq '''FAQ - CEOsforbasicincome.ca] 
• Basic Income NL has posted [https://www.basicincomenl.ca/faq '''FAQ - Basic Income Newfoundland] 
• UBI.org has posted [https://www.ubi.org/51/basic-income-faq '''Basic Income FAQ] 

== Pilots Programs ==
There have been 2 pilots in Canada thus far, that have been funded directly from provincial governments in the search for viable data towards a Basic Income in their province. In the late 1970's Manitoba had their pilot, and in the 2010's for Ontario. Both pilots ended with a change of government and no renewal or cancellation.

It is without certainty if Manitoba's Mincome experiment would have continued if it was without a change in government. In Ontario, the cancellation of the Basic Income Pilot was without public consultation or warning, propelling those 4,000 recipients back onto provincial programs that were more than a $700 drop per month in income, nearly equal to the entire funding of Ontario Works as a single recipient at maximum rate. After the cancellation of Basic Income in Ontario, there was no rate increase for the system for nearly 4 years.

During the 2022 Ontario General Election, all 4 major parties in Ontario campaigned on different Social Assistance platforms. Initially, the Ontario PC Party introduced their Budget 2022 before the election, not initially planning on any increase to the Ontario Works, ODSP programs. During the campaign the New Democratic Party campaigned on a 20% increase to ODSP and OW while indexing future increases to inflation, followed by the Ontario Liberal Party with 10% the first year, and an additional 10% of the 2022 rate in the following year while indexing to inflation continuing, the Ontario Greens Party had before the election called for an increase of 100% to the program.

Midway through the campaign, Andrea Horwath the leader of the New Democrats for Ontario, announced a new effort to change their plan from just the 20% increase to a 20% increase in year 1, and increasing rates to the 100% mark of the 2022 rate in year 2 while some advocates and MPPs were unclear if inflation would also be added in year 2.

Mike Morrice who is the Ontario Greens Leader, has openly encouraged his support for GLBI as a means to help the vulnerable population like recipients of the Ontario Disability Support Program, while waiting for the Canada Disability Benefit as well.

=== Manitoba Mincome ===
The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome), conducted some 40 years ago, was an ambitious social experiment designed to assess a range of behavioural responses to a negative income tax, a specific form of Guaranteed Annual Income.

Prompted by the analysis of poverty from the Economic Council of Canada (1968), the Special Senate Committee on Poverty (1971) recommended implementation of a federally financed and administered Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) program to address poverty. The Manitoba government led by Ed Schreyer was receptive to the idea of an experimental project to test such a program and submitted a proposal for funding to the Department of National Health and Welfare in March 1973. The minority federal Liberal government led by Pierre Trudeau, which had called for a review of Canada’s social security system in the 1973 Throne Speech, was also receptive to the idea of a trial guaranteed income plan. The two governments entered discussions and reached formal agreement on the budget for a Basic Annual Income Experiment Project in June 1974.[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

"Over the years, but particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, considerable effort has been spent in the examination of this
system [of personal income and transfers] and its component programs, with a view to identifying potential improvements in the areas of fairness, effectiveness, efficiency, and simplicity. These interests led to one of the most significant
social experiments in Canadian history, namely the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome)."
—Judith Maxwell, chairman of the Economic Council of Canada, in the Foreword to Hum and Simpson (1991, ix).[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

==== Dr. Evelyn Forget ====

The author of the 2018 book "Basic Income for Canadians: The Key to a Healthier, Happier and More Secure Life for All", which was shortlisted for the 2018/19 Donner Prize. In 2020, Forget updated the book to focus on the impact of the pandemic, titled "Basic Income for Canadians: From the COVID-19 Emergency to Financial Security for All."[https://news.umanitoba.ca/donner-prize-announces-the-2018-2019-shortlist/ S-8][https://cpj.ca/book-review/book-review-basic-income-for-canadians-from-the-covid-19-emergency-to-financial-security-for-all/ S-9][https://worldcat.org/oclc/1155520735 S-10]

==== David Calnitsky ====
No final Mincome report was issued, by the government at the time, but a federal grant established the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Manitoba University of Manitoba] in 1981. The institute developed a machine-readable database of the results of Mincome, leaving the analysis of the experiment to individual academic initiatives.

In February 2016, David Calnitsky wrote a study about the Manitoba Mincome Program along with professionals from various specialties.

"This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (1333623) and Institute for Research on Poverty. I would like to thank Ryan Courchene, David Horky, and, especially, David Cuthbert for assistance navigating the Mincome accession at the Library and Archives Canada. The survey referenced herein and other archival documents cited are held at Library and Archives Canada (Winnipeg, MB); Department of Health fonds including the former Department of National Health and Welfare fonds, RG 29; and Policy, Planning and Information Branch sous-fonds, branch accession number 2004-01167-X, “Operational Files of Manitoba Basic Annual Income Project (Mincome).” Thanks are also due to Stewart Deyell, Sabrina Kinsella, and the production team at Statistics Canada for assistance in data construction and to Evelyn Forget, Erik Olin Wright, Robert Freeland, Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Tatiana Alfonso, Pilar Goñalons-Pons, Jonathan Latner, Aliza Luft, and Madeleine Ritts for helpful comments on earlier drafts."

The report being available online for free at https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12091

=== Ontario Basic Income Pilot ===
In June 2016, the Province of Ontario asked the Honorable Hugh Segal, a
former senator, to provide advice on how to design a basic income pilot
project.

In his subsequent discussion paper, Segal recommended that the province
test a negative income tax model that provides recipients with 75 per cent of
the low-income measure, regardless of their employment status.[https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-1819-370--costing-a-national-guaranteed-basic-income--etablissement-du-cout-dun-revenu-de S-4][http://www.progressiveeconomics.ca/2006/09/07/pondering-a-guaranteed-annual-income/ S-5]

''' ''In the 2017 the Ontario Budget Basic Income Pilot was funded.'' '''

In response to structural changes in the labour market, the government is developing innovative approaches to support Ontarians. This includes moving forward with the Basic Income Pilot, first announced in the 2016 Budget. A three‐year pilot will test the idea that providing people with a basic income could be a simpler and more effective way to ensure security and opportunity in a changing job market, support people living on low incomes, and reduce poverty. The Honourable Hugh Segal, a long‐time advocate and the Province’s Special Advisor for the design and implementation of Ontario’s Basic Income Pilot, delivered a discussion paper in fall 2016. Guided in part by this paper, the government prepared a consultation document that focused on key questions, such as eligibility for the pilot, where the pilot should take place, what the basic income level should be, and how best to evaluate it. Public consultations took place from November 2016 to January 2017, with more than 35,000 people and a number of organization participating. In March 2017, the government released the Basic Income Consultations: What We Heard report summarizing the feedback from the consultations. Many participants voiced support for a basic income pilot that includes a representative sample of Ontarians, lifts people out of poverty, reflects the province’s diversity, runs efficiently and measures specific outcomes. In addition, through a separate but parallel process, a basic income pilot for First Nations is being co‐created and designed. Section D: Building Inclusive Communities and Improving the Justice System 165 CHAPTER IV Three communities across the province — Hamilton, Thunder Bay, and Lindsay — will be eligible for participants aged 18 to 64. Through this pilot, people earning below a specified amount will receive regular payments that will help them better afford basic needs like housing or food, and participate in the community. Enrollment will be voluntary and based on informed consent. Work will continue with experts and communities to ensure delivery of a Basic Income Pilot that is fair, effective, and based on a representative sample.[https://collections.ola.org/mon/31005/339601.pdf S-102]

==== McMaster University Study ====

In 2017, the Government of Ontario selected Hamilton, Brantford, and Brant County as one of the three sites to take part in a three-year basic income pilot project. During that time, selected individuals in each of the communities served by the pilot were to receive a basic income from the government and become key informants in the evaluation of the program.
However, the June 2018 general election in Ontario saw a new government come to power and cancel the pilot just more than a year after it had begun. At the time, Community and Social Services Minister Lisa MacLeod stated that the pilot was cancelled because it was “failing.” This report raises questions about this assessment. Besides prematurely cutting off payments to recipients in March 2019, the government also announced it would cease evaluation activities as of July 2018[https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/49980/ontarios-government-for-the-people-announces-compassionate-wind-down-of-basic-income-research-project S-26]. As a result, the valuable insights and experiences of basic income recipients risked being abandoned and lost. The present report aims to partially fill this gap by providing an overview of the effects of basic income on the lives of recipients in the Hamilton, Brantford and Brant County. [https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/news/access-southern-ontario2019s-basic-income-experience-report S-11]

Article: https://newatlas.com/good-thinking/canada-basic-income-experiment-ontario-report-results/

==== BICN Study 2019====

BICN, in conjunction with The Lindsay Advocate, released a [https://lindsayadvocate.ca/new-report-shows-ontario-basic-income-pilot-was-on-track-for-success/ survey report] earlier in 2019, after the PC government cancelled the Ontario Basic Income pilot that was running in Lindsay, Hamilton area, and Thunder Bay area. Called ''[https://assets.nationbuilder.com/bicn/pages/42/attachments/original/1551664357/BICN_-_Signposts_to_Success.pdf Signposts to Success]'', it documented the experiences of recipients in the pilot and provided compelling indicators of lives remarkably changed for the better. <ul><li>58% improved their housing situation;</li><li>34% found the basic income supported employment by affording transportation to work, child care or ability to start or expand a business;</li><li>32% of respondents were able to go back to school or upgrade skills (note that a majority of employed participants in the government baseline survey – recipients and control group – said they were in dead-end jobs);</li><li>74% were able to make healthy food choices and 28% stopped using food banks;</li><li>46% were able to pay off debt;</li><li>52% were able to see friends and family more often</li><li>55% were physically more able to do activities</li><li>45% reported fewer health problems</li>

== Current Basic Income Programs in Canada ==
There are currently 2 Basic Income programs in Canada. Newfoundland has introduced a program for Young Adults coming out of care (approx 300), and Quebec has announced a Basic Income program starting in January 2023 for those with limited or permanent inability for employment such as those with Disabilities.
=== Quebec Basic Income ===
See '''[[Quebec Basic Income]]

=== Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income ===

See '''[[Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income Pilot]]'''

== International Pilots, Maps, Resources ==
=== Finland ===
Link: Results of Finland's basic income experiment: small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing - News archive for customers - kela.fi - [https://www.kela.fi/web/en/news-archive/-/asset_publisher/lN08GY2nIrZo/content/results-of-the-basic-income-experiment-small-employment-effects-better-perceived-economic-security-and-mental-wellbeing S-25]

=== Spain ===
Spain’s government has introduced a basic monthly income for struggling families amid the growing hardship caused by the outbreak of the new coronavirus.

The move announced on May 29, 2020 and was part of 2019's coalition agreement between socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and Pablo Iglesias, the head of the left-wing alliance Unidas Podemos (UP).

The measure, which is expected to cost an annual three billion euros ($3.3bn), is aimed at ending extreme poverty, which affects about 600,000 homes and 1.6 million people.

It will guarantee an income of 462 euros ($512) a month for an adult living alone, while for families, there would be an additional 139 euros ($154) per person, whether adult or child, up to a monthly maximum of 1,015 euros ($1,126) for every home.[https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/5/30/spain-introduces-basic-income-scheme-to-tackle-poverty S-24]

== Books on Basic Income ==

Scott Santens has built a page with over 175 books on Basic Income. We highly recommend you check out [https://medium.com/basic-income/the-big-library-books-about-basic-income-b9763071b987 '''The BIG Library: Books About Universal Basic Income (UBI)]

== Low Income Measures ==

There are many measures to determine Low Income Statistics in Canada. GLBI uses the Low Income Measure "See [[Poverty Measures]]" as described by Statistics Canada.

Additionally, there is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO). LICO is considered the "Official Poverty Line" of Canada providing statistics regionally, however LIM is used as a more international standard of poverty and just nationally.

== Other Research Pages ==

There are many other resources on the internet that have gathered an archive about Basic Income both in Canada and Internationally. We encourage you to check out the following:

• [https://basicincome.org/research/ '''BasicIncome.Org Research]

== References ==

For references and links related to this article and those published by the author of this site please see [[References]]
[[Category:Guaranteed liveable basic income]]
[[Category:Income assistance]]
[[Category:Canada]]

Quebec Basic Income

2022-12-17T04:08:16Z

JVander2022: /* Studies */

== Quebec Basic Income ==

In 2022, Quebec announced their Basic Income program to start January 1, 2023. The Basic Income Program is intended for individuals with long-term severely limited capacity for employment. It will come into effect on January 1, 2023.

If you are eligible for the Basic Income Program, you will be able to have higher basic income. You can work to earn more money without affecting your benefit amount. You can also have more property and more money without reducing your benefit.

=== Admission to the Basic Income Program ===

You will have no steps to take to be admitted to the Basic Income Program.

As of January 1, 2023, you will be automatically admitted to this new program if you meet the following requirements:

• You are already receiving benefits under the Social Solidarity Program. 
• You have had severely limited capacity for employment for at least 66 months over the previous 72 months .

A few weeks prior to receiving the first payment under the Basic Income Program, you will be notified of your admission to the Program.

=== Basic income composition ===

The basic income includes a basic benefit, to which adjustments can be added.

The basic benefit will be $1,138 per month, which is $13,656 for a period of one year.

This amount will be indexed on January 1 of each year, as of January 1, 2023.

Adjustments can be added to the basic benefit, such as:

• An adjustment for a single person ($337 per month, for a total of $4,044 per year)
• Adjustments for dependent children ($20 per month for a minor child and $345 per month for a child of full age who is attending a postsecondary educational institution)

The amounts of the adjustments are indexed each year.

=== Income that affects the basic income amount ===

To determine the basic income, we will take into account the total work income earned during the year. Therefore, the amount of your basic benefit will depend on the income you entered on your Québec income tax return for the previous fiscal year.

You can earn up to $13,656 per year without decreasing your benefit. This amount is called the basic annual exclusion.

If you have earned more than this amount during the year, your benefit will be reduced for the following year. Every dollar earned that exceeds $13,656 will decrease your annual benefit by 55 cents ($0.55).

Other income may affect your basic benefit, including the following:

• The amounts received as a retirement pension (e.g., Old Age Security pension) or the amounts received under a pension plan 
• Benefits paid by the Régie des rentes du Québec, the Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail or the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec 
• Employment assistance allowances that exceed $222 per month (or $353 per month for a single person who has a dependent child) 
• Support allowances received under a social assistance and support program that exceed $130 per month 
• Maternity, paternity or adoption benefits, parental benefits, caregiving benefits or Employment Insurance benefits 
• A spouse’s income, if it exceeds $28,000 per year

=== Income tax return ===

The Ministère needs to know your income for the previous tax year (January 1 to December 31) to determine the amount of your basic benefit. You must therefore ensure that you file your income tax returns each year with Revenu Québec and the Canada Revenue Agency.

Filing your income tax returns is also very beneficial to you. This can allow you to receive provincial and federal tax credits and have more money.

Free assistance is available to file your income tax returns. You can benefit from the Income Tax Assistance – Volunteer Program, which is managed by Revenu Québec, or from the services offered at a tax clinic. Dial 211 or contact your local volunteer centre.

=== Cash resources (liquid assets) ===

'''Cash resources (liquid assets) that affects the basic income amount'''

To determine the basic income, we will take into account the cash resources you have in hand. For example, it could be cash, money you have in a checking or savings account, a term deposit, or funds deposited in a tax-free savings account (TFSA).

You can have up to $20,000 in cash resources without decreasing your basic benefit.

If you have more cash resources, your benefit will be reduced. Every dollar that exceeds $20,000 will decrease your benefit of the following month by $1.

=== Tangible assets ===

'''Tangible assets and other property that affect the basic income amount'''

To determine the basic income, we will take into account the tangible assets and other property that you have.

Your tangible assets and your other property are all the property you have, such as:

your car, ATV or snowmobile
your cottage or land
your RRSP or RESP
If you receive an inheritance, it will be considered as property, which will also affect the amount of your basic income.

If the value of your property is $500,000 or less, your basic benefit will not decrease.

If the value of your property exceeds the limit, your benefit will be reduced. Every dollar that exceeds $500,000 will decrease your annual benefit by 15 cents ($0.15).

Note that the value of your main residence is excluded from the calculation of the basic income.

=== Claim slip and special benefits ===

You will retain your right to the claim slip. Therefore, you will still be able to benefit from dental care, pharmaceutical services and vision care that are covered by this plan.

You will be entitled to the same special benefits as people who receive benefits under the Social Solidarity Program.

=== Refusal of admission to the Program ===

If you are unsure what decision to make when you receive the notice, do not hesitate to contact us. We can answer your questions and explain the benefits of the new program.

If you do not wish to receive benefits under the Basic Income Program, you must contact us to let us know. You can then continue to receive benefits under the Social Solidarity Program.

=== My Account – Employment Assistance – Social Assistance ===

You may access your information easily through [https://mondossier.mtess.gouv.qc.ca/ My Account – Employment Assistance – Social Assistance]

By creating your personalized online account, you will be able to send documents online and do things such as:

Read the communications you receive from the Ministère
Access your claim slip
Check important dates
If you have not yet created your online account and wish to do so, please go to the Online services section.

Note that you may create an account for a person you are responsible for.

== Studies ==
[S-___] ''[https://www.mtess.gouv.qc.ca/publications/pdf/RMG_Rapportfinal_volume1_V2_EN.pdf GUARANTEED MINIMUM INCOME IN QUÉBEC: A UTOPIA? AN INSPIRATION FOR QUÉBEC]

== Articles ==
[S-___] ''[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-basic-income-plan-francois-blais-1.4442902 Quebec's new basic income plan has proponents dreaming big, others skeptical, CBC, 2017]

Quebec Basic Income

2022-12-17T04:07:59Z

JVander2022:

== Quebec Basic Income ==

In 2022, Quebec announced their Basic Income program to start January 1, 2023. The Basic Income Program is intended for individuals with long-term severely limited capacity for employment. It will come into effect on January 1, 2023.

If you are eligible for the Basic Income Program, you will be able to have higher basic income. You can work to earn more money without affecting your benefit amount. You can also have more property and more money without reducing your benefit.

=== Admission to the Basic Income Program ===

You will have no steps to take to be admitted to the Basic Income Program.

As of January 1, 2023, you will be automatically admitted to this new program if you meet the following requirements:

• You are already receiving benefits under the Social Solidarity Program. 
• You have had severely limited capacity for employment for at least 66 months over the previous 72 months .

A few weeks prior to receiving the first payment under the Basic Income Program, you will be notified of your admission to the Program.

=== Basic income composition ===

The basic income includes a basic benefit, to which adjustments can be added.

The basic benefit will be $1,138 per month, which is $13,656 for a period of one year.

This amount will be indexed on January 1 of each year, as of January 1, 2023.

Adjustments can be added to the basic benefit, such as:

• An adjustment for a single person ($337 per month, for a total of $4,044 per year)
• Adjustments for dependent children ($20 per month for a minor child and $345 per month for a child of full age who is attending a postsecondary educational institution)

The amounts of the adjustments are indexed each year.

=== Income that affects the basic income amount ===

To determine the basic income, we will take into account the total work income earned during the year. Therefore, the amount of your basic benefit will depend on the income you entered on your Québec income tax return for the previous fiscal year.

You can earn up to $13,656 per year without decreasing your benefit. This amount is called the basic annual exclusion.

If you have earned more than this amount during the year, your benefit will be reduced for the following year. Every dollar earned that exceeds $13,656 will decrease your annual benefit by 55 cents ($0.55).

Other income may affect your basic benefit, including the following:

• The amounts received as a retirement pension (e.g., Old Age Security pension) or the amounts received under a pension plan 
• Benefits paid by the Régie des rentes du Québec, the Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail or the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec 
• Employment assistance allowances that exceed $222 per month (or $353 per month for a single person who has a dependent child) 
• Support allowances received under a social assistance and support program that exceed $130 per month 
• Maternity, paternity or adoption benefits, parental benefits, caregiving benefits or Employment Insurance benefits 
• A spouse’s income, if it exceeds $28,000 per year

=== Income tax return ===

The Ministère needs to know your income for the previous tax year (January 1 to December 31) to determine the amount of your basic benefit. You must therefore ensure that you file your income tax returns each year with Revenu Québec and the Canada Revenue Agency.

Filing your income tax returns is also very beneficial to you. This can allow you to receive provincial and federal tax credits and have more money.

Free assistance is available to file your income tax returns. You can benefit from the Income Tax Assistance – Volunteer Program, which is managed by Revenu Québec, or from the services offered at a tax clinic. Dial 211 or contact your local volunteer centre.

=== Cash resources (liquid assets) ===

'''Cash resources (liquid assets) that affects the basic income amount'''

To determine the basic income, we will take into account the cash resources you have in hand. For example, it could be cash, money you have in a checking or savings account, a term deposit, or funds deposited in a tax-free savings account (TFSA).

You can have up to $20,000 in cash resources without decreasing your basic benefit.

If you have more cash resources, your benefit will be reduced. Every dollar that exceeds $20,000 will decrease your benefit of the following month by $1.

=== Tangible assets ===

'''Tangible assets and other property that affect the basic income amount'''

To determine the basic income, we will take into account the tangible assets and other property that you have.

Your tangible assets and your other property are all the property you have, such as:

your car, ATV or snowmobile
your cottage or land
your RRSP or RESP
If you receive an inheritance, it will be considered as property, which will also affect the amount of your basic income.

If the value of your property is $500,000 or less, your basic benefit will not decrease.

If the value of your property exceeds the limit, your benefit will be reduced. Every dollar that exceeds $500,000 will decrease your annual benefit by 15 cents ($0.15).

Note that the value of your main residence is excluded from the calculation of the basic income.

=== Claim slip and special benefits ===

You will retain your right to the claim slip. Therefore, you will still be able to benefit from dental care, pharmaceutical services and vision care that are covered by this plan.

You will be entitled to the same special benefits as people who receive benefits under the Social Solidarity Program.

=== Refusal of admission to the Program ===

If you are unsure what decision to make when you receive the notice, do not hesitate to contact us. We can answer your questions and explain the benefits of the new program.

If you do not wish to receive benefits under the Basic Income Program, you must contact us to let us know. You can then continue to receive benefits under the Social Solidarity Program.

=== My Account – Employment Assistance – Social Assistance ===

You may access your information easily through [https://mondossier.mtess.gouv.qc.ca/ My Account – Employment Assistance – Social Assistance]

By creating your personalized online account, you will be able to send documents online and do things such as:

Read the communications you receive from the Ministère
Access your claim slip
Check important dates
If you have not yet created your online account and wish to do so, please go to the Online services section.

Note that you may create an account for a person you are responsible for.

== Studies ==
[S-___] ''[https://www.mtess.gouv.qc.ca/publications/pdf/RMG_Rapportfinal_volume1_V2_EN.pdf GUARANTEED MINIMUM INCOME IN QUÉBEC: A UTOPIA? AN INSPIRATION FOR QUÉBEC]

=== Articles ===
[S-___] ''[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-basic-income-plan-francois-blais-1.4442902 Quebec's new basic income plan has proponents dreaming big, others skeptical, CBC, 2017]

Quebec Basic Income

2022-12-17T04:00:26Z

JVander2022: Created page with "== Quebec Basic Income == In 2022, Quebec announced their Basic Income program to start January 1, 2023. The Basic Income Program is intended for individuals with long-term severely limited capacity for employment. It will come into effect on January 1, 2023. If you are eligible for the Basic Income Program, you will be able to have higher basic income. You can work to earn more money without affecting your benefit amount. You can also have more property and more money..."

== Quebec Basic Income ==

In 2022, Quebec announced their Basic Income program to start January 1, 2023. The Basic Income Program is intended for individuals with long-term severely limited capacity for employment. It will come into effect on January 1, 2023.

If you are eligible for the Basic Income Program, you will be able to have higher basic income. You can work to earn more money without affecting your benefit amount. You can also have more property and more money without reducing your benefit.

== Admission to the Basic Income Program ==

You will have no steps to take to be admitted to the Basic Income Program.

As of January 1, 2023, you will be automatically admitted to this new program if you meet the following requirements:

• You are already receiving benefits under the Social Solidarity Program. 
• You have had severely limited capacity for employment for at least 66 months over the previous 72 months .

A few weeks prior to receiving the first payment under the Basic Income Program, you will be notified of your admission to the Program.

== Basic income composition ==

The basic income includes a basic benefit, to which adjustments can be added.

The basic benefit will be $1,138 per month, which is $13,656 for a period of one year.

This amount will be indexed on January 1 of each year, as of January 1, 2023.

Adjustments can be added to the basic benefit, such as:

• An adjustment for a single person ($337 per month, for a total of $4,044 per year)
• Adjustments for dependent children ($20 per month for a minor child and $345 per month for a child of full age who is attending a postsecondary educational institution)

The amounts of the adjustments are indexed each year.

== Income that affects the basic income amount ==

To determine the basic income, we will take into account the total work income earned during the year. Therefore, the amount of your basic benefit will depend on the income you entered on your Québec income tax return for the previous fiscal year.

You can earn up to $13,656 per year without decreasing your benefit. This amount is called the basic annual exclusion.

If you have earned more than this amount during the year, your benefit will be reduced for the following year. Every dollar earned that exceeds $13,656 will decrease your annual benefit by 55 cents ($0.55).

Other income may affect your basic benefit, including the following:

• The amounts received as a retirement pension (e.g., Old Age Security pension) or the amounts received under a pension plan 
• Benefits paid by the Régie des rentes du Québec, the Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail or the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec 
• Employment assistance allowances that exceed $222 per month (or $353 per month for a single person who has a dependent child) 
• Support allowances received under a social assistance and support program that exceed $130 per month 
• Maternity, paternity or adoption benefits, parental benefits, caregiving benefits or Employment Insurance benefits 
• A spouse’s income, if it exceeds $28,000 per year

== Income tax return ==

The Ministère needs to know your income for the previous tax year (January 1 to December 31) to determine the amount of your basic benefit. You must therefore ensure that you file your income tax returns each year with Revenu Québec and the Canada Revenue Agency.

Filing your income tax returns is also very beneficial to you. This can allow you to receive provincial and federal tax credits and have more money.

Free assistance is available to file your income tax returns. You can benefit from the Income Tax Assistance – Volunteer Program, which is managed by Revenu Québec, or from the services offered at a tax clinic. Dial 211 or contact your local volunteer centre.

== Cash resources (liquid assets) ==

'''Cash resources (liquid assets) that affects the basic income amount'''

To determine the basic income, we will take into account the cash resources you have in hand. For example, it could be cash, money you have in a checking or savings account, a term deposit, or funds deposited in a tax-free savings account (TFSA).

You can have up to $20,000 in cash resources without decreasing your basic benefit.

If you have more cash resources, your benefit will be reduced. Every dollar that exceeds $20,000 will decrease your benefit of the following month by $1.

== Tangible assets ==

'''Tangible assets and other property that affect the basic income amount'''

To determine the basic income, we will take into account the tangible assets and other property that you have.

Your tangible assets and your other property are all the property you have, such as:

your car, ATV or snowmobile
your cottage or land
your RRSP or RESP
If you receive an inheritance, it will be considered as property, which will also affect the amount of your basic income.

If the value of your property is $500,000 or less, your basic benefit will not decrease.

If the value of your property exceeds the limit, your benefit will be reduced. Every dollar that exceeds $500,000 will decrease your annual benefit by 15 cents ($0.15).

Note that the value of your main residence is excluded from the calculation of the basic income.

== Claim slip and special benefits ==

You will retain your right to the claim slip. Therefore, you will still be able to benefit from dental care, pharmaceutical services and vision care that are covered by this plan.

You will be entitled to the same special benefits as people who receive benefits under the Social Solidarity Program.

== Refusal of admission to the Program ==

If you are unsure what decision to make when you receive the notice, do not hesitate to contact us. We can answer your questions and explain the benefits of the new program.

If you do not wish to receive benefits under the Basic Income Program, you must contact us to let us know. You can then continue to receive benefits under the Social Solidarity Program.

== My Account – Employment Assistance – Social Assistance ==

You may access your information easily through [https://mondossier.mtess.gouv.qc.ca/ My Account – Employment Assistance – Social Assistance]

By creating your personalized online account, you will be able to send documents online and do things such as:

Read the communications you receive from the Ministère
Access your claim slip
Check important dates
If you have not yet created your online account and wish to do so, please go to the Online services section.

Note that you may create an account for a person you are responsible for.

Guaranteed Livable Basic Income

2022-12-17T03:52:43Z

JVander2022: /* Quebec Basic Income */

<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>
'''Guaranteed Livable Basic Income''' (GLBI) in Canada refers to the debate and trials with basic income, negative income and related welfare systems in Canada. The debate goes back to the 1930s when the social credit movement had ideas around those lines. Following in 1940 with the establishment of the Employment Insurance system, 1945 for Maternity Benefits (EI) and the Family Allowances Act, which was the first universal welfare program implemented in Canada under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie King. As a government Income Security Expenditure, payments were transferred directly to the individual who qualified for them, in this case the mother of the children concerned[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/family-allowance.html S-1].

During the decades that followed, GLBI has been supported in various forms by different Political Parties, which have at times been at odds with how to implement such a strategy while not impeding on Provincial jurisdiction.

According to the Fraser Institute The share of Canada’s population aged 65 or older increased from 14.1 percent in 2010 to 19.0 percent in 2022. Statistics Canada data projects this number will increase to 25 percent by the middle of the century. The share of Canada’s population that is of working age is shrinking, while the share that is age 65 or over is growing.

In 1966 there were 7.7 working-age individuals for every senior. This ratio has dropped quickly since then and stands at 3.4 in 2022. Statistics Canada projects this trend will continue in the decades ahead. There will be just 3.0 working-age people for each senior by 2027, after which the ratio will slowly fall further to reach 2.3 by 2068. [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/understanding-the-changing-ratio-of-working-age-canadians-to-seniors-and-its-consequences S-28]

== GLBI vs UBI ==
[[File:2023rates.png|thumb|2023 GLBI Rates adjusted for Inflation]]
[[File:pwd1.png|thumb|A person with a Disability could receive $26,596 a year in 2023]]
Guaranteed Livable Basic Income is not Universal Basic Income. While UBI is considered cheaper per person to maintain from a 'Universal' and 'Administrative' standpoint, a GLBI being means tested recovers funding by ensuring cost-effective income testing. For GLBI, this is done on an annual basis, contrary to the existing Social Support systems in place provincially that test income on a monthly basis (ex. PEI).

Since 2017 GLBI according to the Ontario Basic Income Pilot formula, and adjusting for inflation based on the SPSD/M 28.0 2022 Calendar Year Low Income Measure, has raised by over twelve percent. This is almost consistent with the Bank of Canada Inflation Calculator estimate of 14.88 percent over 5 years. citation needed

Universal Basic Income is viewed by some as an easier method, however when looking at the overall costs associated with a Universal Benefit, even at $500 per month would cost the Canadian Government $222 Billion. Whereas a GLBI with a minimal income testing level of 15% would help over 50% of Canadian Households with a minimum income while coming in at under that amount. Thus protecting lower income households from the future disconnect of higher earning families, but also helping those same higher earners who are paying for the program. 
[[File:changing-ratio-infographic.jpg|thumb|Shrinking ratio of working-age Canadians]]
The same 15% scenario, would allow Canadians when Single (Household) to earn upwards of $137,000 ($169,000) per year before being phased out of the program.

== History ==
The humanist philosopher Thomas More, writing in his seminal 1516 work Utopia, argued for a universal basic income.

The Nobel Prize winning activist Bertrand Russell proposed in 1918 that a universal basic income, "sufficient for necessities, should be secured for all, whether they work or not, and that a larger income should be given to those who are willing to engage in some work which the community recognizes as useful. On this basis we may build further."

Bertrand's view was that providing the basic needs of every citizen would free them up to work on more important societal goals and live more harmoniously with their fellow man.

After World War II, economist Milton Friedman floated the idea of a guaranteed income. Friedman wrote: "We should replace the ragbag of specific welfare programs with a single comprehensive program of income supplements in cash — a negative income tax. It would provide an assured minimum to all persons in need, regardless of the reasons for their need… A negative income tax provides comprehensive reform which would do more efficiently and humanely what our present welfare system does so inefficiently and inhumanely."[http://thoughtco.com/universal-basic-income-definition-and-history-4149802. S-2]

In 1935, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was enacted by the Parliament of Canada, during the final months of the government of R. B. Bennett. The Act was intended to introduce a nationwide employment insurance scheme, and also convince voters that Bennett was willing to intervene aggressively in the economy, as President Roosevelt had done in the United States with the New Deal. However, the Act was not incumbent of any type of Guaranteed Income.

At the same time, William Aberhart, Premier of Alberta, was inspired by Major C. H. Douglas Social Credit theory and tried to implement a basic income for Albertans during the 1930s. However, he was thwarted in his attempts by the Federal Government of the time. [https://umanitoba.academia.edu/JimMulvale S-3]

In 1936, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada, as unemployment insurance was found to fall under one of the heads of power assigned by Canada's constitution to the provinces. The ruling of the Supreme Court was upheld by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1937. The Employment and Social Insurance Act therefore failed to achieve its policy goal, as Canada was left for a time without unemployment insurance.

This change in position followed the Privy Council's decision in the Aeronautics Reference, which declared:

<q>There may also be cases where the Dominion is entitled to speak for the whole, and this not because of any judicial interpretation of ss. 91 and 92, but by reason of the plain terms of s. 132, where Canada as a whole, having undertaken an obligation, is given the power necessary and proper for performing such an obligation.</q>

The first compulsory national unemployment insurance program was instituted in August 1940 under the King government after a constitutional amendment was agreed to by all of the Canadian provinces, to concede to the federal government legislative power over unemployment insurance. New Brunswick, Alberta and Quebec had held out against the federal government's desire to amend the constitution but ultimately acceded to its request, Alberta being the last to do so. The British North America Act s. 91 was amended by adding in a heading designated Number 2A simply in the words "Unemployment Insurance".

== Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) ==
• Coalition Canada has posted a [https://basicincomecoalition.ca/en/actions/basic-income-week/the-bi-we-want/faq/ '''Frequently Asked Questions about Basic Income] 
• Scott Santens has posted [https://www.scottsantens.com/basic-income-faq/ '''A Guide to Basic Income: Frequently Asked Questions about UBI] 
• Basic Income Canada Network has posted [https://basicincomecanada.org/faq/ '''FAQ - Basic Income Canada] 
• CEO's for Basic Income has posted [https://ceosforbasicincome.ca/faq '''FAQ - CEOsforbasicincome.ca] 
• Basic Income NL has posted [https://www.basicincomenl.ca/faq '''FAQ - Basic Income Newfoundland] 
• UBI.org has posted [https://www.ubi.org/51/basic-income-faq '''Basic Income FAQ] 

== Pilots Programs ==
There have been 2 pilots in Canada thus far, that have been funded directly from provincial governments in the search for viable data towards a Basic Income in their province. In the late 1970's Manitoba had their pilot, and in the 2010's for Ontario. Both pilots ended with a change of government and no renewal or cancellation.

It is without certainty if Manitoba's Mincome experiment would have continued if it was without a change in government. In Ontario, the cancellation of the Basic Income Pilot was without public consultation or warning, propelling those 4,000 recipients back onto provincial programs that were more than a $700 drop per month in income, nearly equal to the entire funding of Ontario Works as a single recipient at maximum rate. After the cancellation of Basic Income in Ontario, there was no rate increase for the system for nearly 4 years.

During the 2022 Ontario General Election, all 4 major parties in Ontario campaigned on different Social Assistance platforms. Initially, the Ontario PC Party introduced their Budget 2022 before the election, not initially planning on any increase to the Ontario Works, ODSP programs. During the campaign the New Democratic Party campaigned on a 20% increase to ODSP and OW while indexing future increases to inflation, followed by the Ontario Liberal Party with 10% the first year, and an additional 10% of the 2022 rate in the following year while indexing to inflation continuing, the Ontario Greens Party had before the election called for an increase of 100% to the program.

Midway through the campaign, Andrea Horwath the leader of the New Democrats for Ontario, announced a new effort to change their plan from just the 20% increase to a 20% increase in year 1, and increasing rates to the 100% mark of the 2022 rate in year 2 while some advocates and MPPs were unclear if inflation would also be added in year 2.

Mike Morrice who is the Ontario Greens Leader, has openly encouraged his support for GLBI as a means to help the vulnerable population like recipients of the Ontario Disability Support Program, while waiting for the Canada Disability Benefit as well.

=== Manitoba Mincome ===
The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome), conducted some 40 years ago, was an ambitious social experiment designed to assess a range of behavioural responses to a negative income tax, a specific form of Guaranteed Annual Income.

Prompted by the analysis of poverty from the Economic Council of Canada (1968), the Special Senate Committee on Poverty (1971) recommended implementation of a federally financed and administered Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) program to address poverty. The Manitoba government led by Ed Schreyer was receptive to the idea of an experimental project to test such a program and submitted a proposal for funding to the Department of National Health and Welfare in March 1973. The minority federal Liberal government led by Pierre Trudeau, which had called for a review of Canada’s social security system in the 1973 Throne Speech, was also receptive to the idea of a trial guaranteed income plan. The two governments entered discussions and reached formal agreement on the budget for a Basic Annual Income Experiment Project in June 1974.[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

"Over the years, but particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, considerable effort has been spent in the examination of this
system [of personal income and transfers] and its component programs, with a view to identifying potential improvements in the areas of fairness, effectiveness, efficiency, and simplicity. These interests led to one of the most significant
social experiments in Canadian history, namely the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome)."
—Judith Maxwell, chairman of the Economic Council of Canada, in the Foreword to Hum and Simpson (1991, ix).[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

==== Dr. Evelyn Forget ====

The author of the 2018 book "Basic Income for Canadians: The Key to a Healthier, Happier and More Secure Life for All", which was shortlisted for the 2018/19 Donner Prize. In 2020, Forget updated the book to focus on the impact of the pandemic, titled "Basic Income for Canadians: From the COVID-19 Emergency to Financial Security for All."[https://news.umanitoba.ca/donner-prize-announces-the-2018-2019-shortlist/ S-8][https://cpj.ca/book-review/book-review-basic-income-for-canadians-from-the-covid-19-emergency-to-financial-security-for-all/ S-9][https://worldcat.org/oclc/1155520735 S-10]

==== David Calnitsky ====
No final Mincome report was issued, by the government at the time, but a federal grant established the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Manitoba University of Manitoba] in 1981. The institute developed a machine-readable database of the results of Mincome, leaving the analysis of the experiment to individual academic initiatives.

In February 2016, David Calnitsky wrote a study about the Manitoba Mincome Program along with professionals from various specialties.

"This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (1333623) and Institute for Research on Poverty. I would like to thank Ryan Courchene, David Horky, and, especially, David Cuthbert for assistance navigating the Mincome accession at the Library and Archives Canada. The survey referenced herein and other archival documents cited are held at Library and Archives Canada (Winnipeg, MB); Department of Health fonds including the former Department of National Health and Welfare fonds, RG 29; and Policy, Planning and Information Branch sous-fonds, branch accession number 2004-01167-X, “Operational Files of Manitoba Basic Annual Income Project (Mincome).” Thanks are also due to Stewart Deyell, Sabrina Kinsella, and the production team at Statistics Canada for assistance in data construction and to Evelyn Forget, Erik Olin Wright, Robert Freeland, Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Tatiana Alfonso, Pilar Goñalons-Pons, Jonathan Latner, Aliza Luft, and Madeleine Ritts for helpful comments on earlier drafts."

The report being available online for free at https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12091

=== Ontario Basic Income Pilot ===
In June 2016, the Province of Ontario asked the Honorable Hugh Segal, a
former senator, to provide advice on how to design a basic income pilot
project.

In his subsequent discussion paper, Segal recommended that the province
test a negative income tax model that provides recipients with 75 per cent of
the low-income measure, regardless of their employment status.[https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-1819-370--costing-a-national-guaranteed-basic-income--etablissement-du-cout-dun-revenu-de S-4][http://www.progressiveeconomics.ca/2006/09/07/pondering-a-guaranteed-annual-income/ S-5]

''' ''In the 2017 the Ontario Budget Basic Income Pilot was funded.'' '''

In response to structural changes in the labour market, the government is developing innovative approaches to support Ontarians. This includes moving forward with the Basic Income Pilot, first announced in the 2016 Budget. A three‐year pilot will test the idea that providing people with a basic income could be a simpler and more effective way to ensure security and opportunity in a changing job market, support people living on low incomes, and reduce poverty. The Honourable Hugh Segal, a long‐time advocate and the Province’s Special Advisor for the design and implementation of Ontario’s Basic Income Pilot, delivered a discussion paper in fall 2016. Guided in part by this paper, the government prepared a consultation document that focused on key questions, such as eligibility for the pilot, where the pilot should take place, what the basic income level should be, and how best to evaluate it. Public consultations took place from November 2016 to January 2017, with more than 35,000 people and a number of organization participating. In March 2017, the government released the Basic Income Consultations: What We Heard report summarizing the feedback from the consultations. Many participants voiced support for a basic income pilot that includes a representative sample of Ontarians, lifts people out of poverty, reflects the province’s diversity, runs efficiently and measures specific outcomes. In addition, through a separate but parallel process, a basic income pilot for First Nations is being co‐created and designed. Section D: Building Inclusive Communities and Improving the Justice System 165 CHAPTER IV Three communities across the province — Hamilton, Thunder Bay, and Lindsay — will be eligible for participants aged 18 to 64. Through this pilot, people earning below a specified amount will receive regular payments that will help them better afford basic needs like housing or food, and participate in the community. Enrollment will be voluntary and based on informed consent. Work will continue with experts and communities to ensure delivery of a Basic Income Pilot that is fair, effective, and based on a representative sample.[https://collections.ola.org/mon/31005/339601.pdf S-102]

==== McMaster University Study ====

In 2017, the Government of Ontario selected Hamilton, Brantford, and Brant County as one of the three sites to take part in a three-year basic income pilot project. During that time, selected individuals in each of the communities served by the pilot were to receive a basic income from the government and become key informants in the evaluation of the program.
However, the June 2018 general election in Ontario saw a new government come to power and cancel the pilot just more than a year after it had begun. At the time, Community and Social Services Minister Lisa MacLeod stated that the pilot was cancelled because it was “failing.” This report raises questions about this assessment. Besides prematurely cutting off payments to recipients in March 2019, the government also announced it would cease evaluation activities as of July 2018[https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/49980/ontarios-government-for-the-people-announces-compassionate-wind-down-of-basic-income-research-project S-26]. As a result, the valuable insights and experiences of basic income recipients risked being abandoned and lost. The present report aims to partially fill this gap by providing an overview of the effects of basic income on the lives of recipients in the Hamilton, Brantford and Brant County. [https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/news/access-southern-ontario2019s-basic-income-experience-report S-11]

==== BICN Study 2019====

BICN, in conjunction with The Lindsay Advocate, released a [https://lindsayadvocate.ca/new-report-shows-ontario-basic-income-pilot-was-on-track-for-success/ survey report] earlier in 2019, after the PC government cancelled the Ontario Basic Income pilot that was running in Lindsay, Hamilton area, and Thunder Bay area. Called ''[https://assets.nationbuilder.com/bicn/pages/42/attachments/original/1551664357/BICN_-_Signposts_to_Success.pdf Signposts to Success]'', it documented the experiences of recipients in the pilot and provided compelling indicators of lives remarkably changed for the better. <ul><li>58% improved their housing situation;</li><li>34% found the basic income supported employment by affording transportation to work, child care or ability to start or expand a business;</li><li>32% of respondents were able to go back to school or upgrade skills (note that a majority of employed participants in the government baseline survey – recipients and control group – said they were in dead-end jobs);</li><li>74% were able to make healthy food choices and 28% stopped using food banks;</li><li>46% were able to pay off debt;</li><li>52% were able to see friends and family more often</li><li>55% were physically more able to do activities</li><li>45% reported fewer health problems</li>

== Current Basic Income Programs in Canada ==
There are currently 2 Basic Income programs in Canada. Newfoundland has introduced a program for Young Adults coming out of care (approx 300), and Quebec has announced a Basic Income program starting in January 2023 for those with limited or permanent inability for employment such as those with Disabilities.
=== Quebec Basic Income ===
See '''[[Quebec Basic Income]]

=== Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income ===

See '''[[Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income Pilot]]'''

== International Pilots, Maps, Resources ==
=== Finland ===
Link: Results of Finland's basic income experiment: small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing - News archive for customers - kela.fi - [https://www.kela.fi/web/en/news-archive/-/asset_publisher/lN08GY2nIrZo/content/results-of-the-basic-income-experiment-small-employment-effects-better-perceived-economic-security-and-mental-wellbeing S-25]

=== Spain ===
Spain’s government has introduced a basic monthly income for struggling families amid the growing hardship caused by the outbreak of the new coronavirus.

The move announced on May 29, 2020 and was part of 2019's coalition agreement between socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and Pablo Iglesias, the head of the left-wing alliance Unidas Podemos (UP).

The measure, which is expected to cost an annual three billion euros ($3.3bn), is aimed at ending extreme poverty, which affects about 600,000 homes and 1.6 million people.

It will guarantee an income of 462 euros ($512) a month for an adult living alone, while for families, there would be an additional 139 euros ($154) per person, whether adult or child, up to a monthly maximum of 1,015 euros ($1,126) for every home.[https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/5/30/spain-introduces-basic-income-scheme-to-tackle-poverty S-24]

== Books on Basic Income ==

Scott Santens has built a page with over 175 books on Basic Income. We highly recommend you check out [https://medium.com/basic-income/the-big-library-books-about-basic-income-b9763071b987 '''The BIG Library: Books About Universal Basic Income (UBI)]

== Low Income Measures ==

There are many measures to determine Low Income Statistics in Canada. GLBI uses the Low Income Measure "See [[Poverty Measures]]" as described by Statistics Canada.

Additionally, there is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO). LICO is considered the "Official Poverty Line" of Canada providing statistics regionally, however LIM is used as a more international standard of poverty and just nationally.

== Other Research Pages ==

There are many other resources on the internet that have gathered an archive about Basic Income both in Canada and Internationally. We encourage you to check out the following:

• [https://basicincome.org/research/ '''BasicIncome.Org Research]

== References ==

For references and links related to this article and those published by the author of this site please see [[References]]
[[Category:Guaranteed liveable basic income]]
[[Category:Income assistance]]
[[Category:Canada]]

Guaranteed Livable Basic Income

2022-12-17T03:52:28Z

JVander2022: /* Quebec Basic Income */

<div class="noautonum">__TOC__</div>
'''Guaranteed Livable Basic Income''' (GLBI) in Canada refers to the debate and trials with basic income, negative income and related welfare systems in Canada. The debate goes back to the 1930s when the social credit movement had ideas around those lines. Following in 1940 with the establishment of the Employment Insurance system, 1945 for Maternity Benefits (EI) and the Family Allowances Act, which was the first universal welfare program implemented in Canada under the leadership of William Lyon Mackenzie King. As a government Income Security Expenditure, payments were transferred directly to the individual who qualified for them, in this case the mother of the children concerned[https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/family-allowance.html S-1].

During the decades that followed, GLBI has been supported in various forms by different Political Parties, which have at times been at odds with how to implement such a strategy while not impeding on Provincial jurisdiction.

According to the Fraser Institute The share of Canada’s population aged 65 or older increased from 14.1 percent in 2010 to 19.0 percent in 2022. Statistics Canada data projects this number will increase to 25 percent by the middle of the century. The share of Canada’s population that is of working age is shrinking, while the share that is age 65 or over is growing.

In 1966 there were 7.7 working-age individuals for every senior. This ratio has dropped quickly since then and stands at 3.4 in 2022. Statistics Canada projects this trend will continue in the decades ahead. There will be just 3.0 working-age people for each senior by 2027, after which the ratio will slowly fall further to reach 2.3 by 2068. [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/understanding-the-changing-ratio-of-working-age-canadians-to-seniors-and-its-consequences S-28]

== GLBI vs UBI ==
[[File:2023rates.png|thumb|2023 GLBI Rates adjusted for Inflation]]
[[File:pwd1.png|thumb|A person with a Disability could receive $26,596 a year in 2023]]
Guaranteed Livable Basic Income is not Universal Basic Income. While UBI is considered cheaper per person to maintain from a 'Universal' and 'Administrative' standpoint, a GLBI being means tested recovers funding by ensuring cost-effective income testing. For GLBI, this is done on an annual basis, contrary to the existing Social Support systems in place provincially that test income on a monthly basis (ex. PEI).

Since 2017 GLBI according to the Ontario Basic Income Pilot formula, and adjusting for inflation based on the SPSD/M 28.0 2022 Calendar Year Low Income Measure, has raised by over twelve percent. This is almost consistent with the Bank of Canada Inflation Calculator estimate of 14.88 percent over 5 years. citation needed

Universal Basic Income is viewed by some as an easier method, however when looking at the overall costs associated with a Universal Benefit, even at $500 per month would cost the Canadian Government $222 Billion. Whereas a GLBI with a minimal income testing level of 15% would help over 50% of Canadian Households with a minimum income while coming in at under that amount. Thus protecting lower income households from the future disconnect of higher earning families, but also helping those same higher earners who are paying for the program. 
[[File:changing-ratio-infographic.jpg|thumb|Shrinking ratio of working-age Canadians]]
The same 15% scenario, would allow Canadians when Single (Household) to earn upwards of $137,000 ($169,000) per year before being phased out of the program.

== History ==
The humanist philosopher Thomas More, writing in his seminal 1516 work Utopia, argued for a universal basic income.

The Nobel Prize winning activist Bertrand Russell proposed in 1918 that a universal basic income, "sufficient for necessities, should be secured for all, whether they work or not, and that a larger income should be given to those who are willing to engage in some work which the community recognizes as useful. On this basis we may build further."

Bertrand's view was that providing the basic needs of every citizen would free them up to work on more important societal goals and live more harmoniously with their fellow man.

After World War II, economist Milton Friedman floated the idea of a guaranteed income. Friedman wrote: "We should replace the ragbag of specific welfare programs with a single comprehensive program of income supplements in cash — a negative income tax. It would provide an assured minimum to all persons in need, regardless of the reasons for their need… A negative income tax provides comprehensive reform which would do more efficiently and humanely what our present welfare system does so inefficiently and inhumanely."[http://thoughtco.com/universal-basic-income-definition-and-history-4149802. S-2]

In 1935, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was enacted by the Parliament of Canada, during the final months of the government of R. B. Bennett. The Act was intended to introduce a nationwide employment insurance scheme, and also convince voters that Bennett was willing to intervene aggressively in the economy, as President Roosevelt had done in the United States with the New Deal. However, the Act was not incumbent of any type of Guaranteed Income.

At the same time, William Aberhart, Premier of Alberta, was inspired by Major C. H. Douglas Social Credit theory and tried to implement a basic income for Albertans during the 1930s. However, he was thwarted in his attempts by the Federal Government of the time. [https://umanitoba.academia.edu/JimMulvale S-3]

In 1936, the Employment and Social Insurance Act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Canada, as unemployment insurance was found to fall under one of the heads of power assigned by Canada's constitution to the provinces. The ruling of the Supreme Court was upheld by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1937. The Employment and Social Insurance Act therefore failed to achieve its policy goal, as Canada was left for a time without unemployment insurance.

This change in position followed the Privy Council's decision in the Aeronautics Reference, which declared:

<q>There may also be cases where the Dominion is entitled to speak for the whole, and this not because of any judicial interpretation of ss. 91 and 92, but by reason of the plain terms of s. 132, where Canada as a whole, having undertaken an obligation, is given the power necessary and proper for performing such an obligation.</q>

The first compulsory national unemployment insurance program was instituted in August 1940 under the King government after a constitutional amendment was agreed to by all of the Canadian provinces, to concede to the federal government legislative power over unemployment insurance. New Brunswick, Alberta and Quebec had held out against the federal government's desire to amend the constitution but ultimately acceded to its request, Alberta being the last to do so. The British North America Act s. 91 was amended by adding in a heading designated Number 2A simply in the words "Unemployment Insurance".

== Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) ==
• Coalition Canada has posted a [https://basicincomecoalition.ca/en/actions/basic-income-week/the-bi-we-want/faq/ '''Frequently Asked Questions about Basic Income] 
• Scott Santens has posted [https://www.scottsantens.com/basic-income-faq/ '''A Guide to Basic Income: Frequently Asked Questions about UBI] 
• Basic Income Canada Network has posted [https://basicincomecanada.org/faq/ '''FAQ - Basic Income Canada] 
• CEO's for Basic Income has posted [https://ceosforbasicincome.ca/faq '''FAQ - CEOsforbasicincome.ca] 
• Basic Income NL has posted [https://www.basicincomenl.ca/faq '''FAQ - Basic Income Newfoundland] 
• UBI.org has posted [https://www.ubi.org/51/basic-income-faq '''Basic Income FAQ] 

== Pilots Programs ==
There have been 2 pilots in Canada thus far, that have been funded directly from provincial governments in the search for viable data towards a Basic Income in their province. In the late 1970's Manitoba had their pilot, and in the 2010's for Ontario. Both pilots ended with a change of government and no renewal or cancellation.

It is without certainty if Manitoba's Mincome experiment would have continued if it was without a change in government. In Ontario, the cancellation of the Basic Income Pilot was without public consultation or warning, propelling those 4,000 recipients back onto provincial programs that were more than a $700 drop per month in income, nearly equal to the entire funding of Ontario Works as a single recipient at maximum rate. After the cancellation of Basic Income in Ontario, there was no rate increase for the system for nearly 4 years.

During the 2022 Ontario General Election, all 4 major parties in Ontario campaigned on different Social Assistance platforms. Initially, the Ontario PC Party introduced their Budget 2022 before the election, not initially planning on any increase to the Ontario Works, ODSP programs. During the campaign the New Democratic Party campaigned on a 20% increase to ODSP and OW while indexing future increases to inflation, followed by the Ontario Liberal Party with 10% the first year, and an additional 10% of the 2022 rate in the following year while indexing to inflation continuing, the Ontario Greens Party had before the election called for an increase of 100% to the program.

Midway through the campaign, Andrea Horwath the leader of the New Democrats for Ontario, announced a new effort to change their plan from just the 20% increase to a 20% increase in year 1, and increasing rates to the 100% mark of the 2022 rate in year 2 while some advocates and MPPs were unclear if inflation would also be added in year 2.

Mike Morrice who is the Ontario Greens Leader, has openly encouraged his support for GLBI as a means to help the vulnerable population like recipients of the Ontario Disability Support Program, while waiting for the Canada Disability Benefit as well.

=== Manitoba Mincome ===
The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome), conducted some 40 years ago, was an ambitious social experiment designed to assess a range of behavioural responses to a negative income tax, a specific form of Guaranteed Annual Income.

Prompted by the analysis of poverty from the Economic Council of Canada (1968), the Special Senate Committee on Poverty (1971) recommended implementation of a federally financed and administered Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) program to address poverty. The Manitoba government led by Ed Schreyer was receptive to the idea of an experimental project to test such a program and submitted a proposal for funding to the Department of National Health and Welfare in March 1973. The minority federal Liberal government led by Pierre Trudeau, which had called for a review of Canada’s social security system in the 1973 Throne Speech, was also receptive to the idea of a trial guaranteed income plan. The two governments entered discussions and reached formal agreement on the budget for a Basic Annual Income Experiment Project in June 1974.[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

"Over the years, but particularly in the 1960s and 1970s, considerable effort has been spent in the examination of this
system [of personal income and transfers] and its component programs, with a view to identifying potential improvements in the areas of fairness, effectiveness, efficiency, and simplicity. These interests led to one of the most significant
social experiments in Canadian history, namely the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment (Mincome)."
—Judith Maxwell, chairman of the Economic Council of Canada, in the Foreword to Hum and Simpson (1991, ix).[https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf S-6]

==== Dr. Evelyn Forget ====

The author of the 2018 book "Basic Income for Canadians: The Key to a Healthier, Happier and More Secure Life for All", which was shortlisted for the 2018/19 Donner Prize. In 2020, Forget updated the book to focus on the impact of the pandemic, titled "Basic Income for Canadians: From the COVID-19 Emergency to Financial Security for All."[https://news.umanitoba.ca/donner-prize-announces-the-2018-2019-shortlist/ S-8][https://cpj.ca/book-review/book-review-basic-income-for-canadians-from-the-covid-19-emergency-to-financial-security-for-all/ S-9][https://worldcat.org/oclc/1155520735 S-10]

==== David Calnitsky ====
No final Mincome report was issued, by the government at the time, but a federal grant established the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Manitoba University of Manitoba] in 1981. The institute developed a machine-readable database of the results of Mincome, leaving the analysis of the experiment to individual academic initiatives.

In February 2016, David Calnitsky wrote a study about the Manitoba Mincome Program along with professionals from various specialties.

"This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (1333623) and Institute for Research on Poverty. I would like to thank Ryan Courchene, David Horky, and, especially, David Cuthbert for assistance navigating the Mincome accession at the Library and Archives Canada. The survey referenced herein and other archival documents cited are held at Library and Archives Canada (Winnipeg, MB); Department of Health fonds including the former Department of National Health and Welfare fonds, RG 29; and Policy, Planning and Information Branch sous-fonds, branch accession number 2004-01167-X, “Operational Files of Manitoba Basic Annual Income Project (Mincome).” Thanks are also due to Stewart Deyell, Sabrina Kinsella, and the production team at Statistics Canada for assistance in data construction and to Evelyn Forget, Erik Olin Wright, Robert Freeland, Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Tatiana Alfonso, Pilar Goñalons-Pons, Jonathan Latner, Aliza Luft, and Madeleine Ritts for helpful comments on earlier drafts."

The report being available online for free at https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12091

=== Ontario Basic Income Pilot ===
In June 2016, the Province of Ontario asked the Honorable Hugh Segal, a
former senator, to provide advice on how to design a basic income pilot
project.

In his subsequent discussion paper, Segal recommended that the province
test a negative income tax model that provides recipients with 75 per cent of
the low-income measure, regardless of their employment status.[https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-1819-370--costing-a-national-guaranteed-basic-income--etablissement-du-cout-dun-revenu-de S-4][http://www.progressiveeconomics.ca/2006/09/07/pondering-a-guaranteed-annual-income/ S-5]

''' ''In the 2017 the Ontario Budget Basic Income Pilot was funded.'' '''

In response to structural changes in the labour market, the government is developing innovative approaches to support Ontarians. This includes moving forward with the Basic Income Pilot, first announced in the 2016 Budget. A three‐year pilot will test the idea that providing people with a basic income could be a simpler and more effective way to ensure security and opportunity in a changing job market, support people living on low incomes, and reduce poverty. The Honourable Hugh Segal, a long‐time advocate and the Province’s Special Advisor for the design and implementation of Ontario’s Basic Income Pilot, delivered a discussion paper in fall 2016. Guided in part by this paper, the government prepared a consultation document that focused on key questions, such as eligibility for the pilot, where the pilot should take place, what the basic income level should be, and how best to evaluate it. Public consultations took place from November 2016 to January 2017, with more than 35,000 people and a number of organization participating. In March 2017, the government released the Basic Income Consultations: What We Heard report summarizing the feedback from the consultations. Many participants voiced support for a basic income pilot that includes a representative sample of Ontarians, lifts people out of poverty, reflects the province’s diversity, runs efficiently and measures specific outcomes. In addition, through a separate but parallel process, a basic income pilot for First Nations is being co‐created and designed. Section D: Building Inclusive Communities and Improving the Justice System 165 CHAPTER IV Three communities across the province — Hamilton, Thunder Bay, and Lindsay — will be eligible for participants aged 18 to 64. Through this pilot, people earning below a specified amount will receive regular payments that will help them better afford basic needs like housing or food, and participate in the community. Enrollment will be voluntary and based on informed consent. Work will continue with experts and communities to ensure delivery of a Basic Income Pilot that is fair, effective, and based on a representative sample.[https://collections.ola.org/mon/31005/339601.pdf S-102]

==== McMaster University Study ====

In 2017, the Government of Ontario selected Hamilton, Brantford, and Brant County as one of the three sites to take part in a three-year basic income pilot project. During that time, selected individuals in each of the communities served by the pilot were to receive a basic income from the government and become key informants in the evaluation of the program.
However, the June 2018 general election in Ontario saw a new government come to power and cancel the pilot just more than a year after it had begun. At the time, Community and Social Services Minister Lisa MacLeod stated that the pilot was cancelled because it was “failing.” This report raises questions about this assessment. Besides prematurely cutting off payments to recipients in March 2019, the government also announced it would cease evaluation activities as of July 2018[https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/49980/ontarios-government-for-the-people-announces-compassionate-wind-down-of-basic-income-research-project S-26]. As a result, the valuable insights and experiences of basic income recipients risked being abandoned and lost. The present report aims to partially fill this gap by providing an overview of the effects of basic income on the lives of recipients in the Hamilton, Brantford and Brant County. [https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/news/access-southern-ontario2019s-basic-income-experience-report S-11]

==== BICN Study 2019====

BICN, in conjunction with The Lindsay Advocate, released a [https://lindsayadvocate.ca/new-report-shows-ontario-basic-income-pilot-was-on-track-for-success/ survey report] earlier in 2019, after the PC government cancelled the Ontario Basic Income pilot that was running in Lindsay, Hamilton area, and Thunder Bay area. Called ''[https://assets.nationbuilder.com/bicn/pages/42/attachments/original/1551664357/BICN_-_Signposts_to_Success.pdf Signposts to Success]'', it documented the experiences of recipients in the pilot and provided compelling indicators of lives remarkably changed for the better. <ul><li>58% improved their housing situation;</li><li>34% found the basic income supported employment by affording transportation to work, child care or ability to start or expand a business;</li><li>32% of respondents were able to go back to school or upgrade skills (note that a majority of employed participants in the government baseline survey – recipients and control group – said they were in dead-end jobs);</li><li>74% were able to make healthy food choices and 28% stopped using food banks;</li><li>46% were able to pay off debt;</li><li>52% were able to see friends and family more often</li><li>55% were physically more able to do activities</li><li>45% reported fewer health problems</li>

== Current Basic Income Programs in Canada ==
There are currently 2 Basic Income programs in Canada. Newfoundland has introduced a program for Young Adults coming out of care (approx 300), and Quebec has announced a Basic Income program starting in January 2023 for those with limited or permanent inability for employment such as those with Disabilities.
=== Quebec Basic Income ===
See [[Quebec Basic Income]]

=== Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income ===

See '''[[Newfoundland and Labrador Basic Income Pilot]]'''

== International Pilots, Maps, Resources ==
=== Finland ===
Link: Results of Finland's basic income experiment: small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing - News archive for customers - kela.fi - [https://www.kela.fi/web/en/news-archive/-/asset_publisher/lN08GY2nIrZo/content/results-of-the-basic-income-experiment-small-employment-effects-better-perceived-economic-security-and-mental-wellbeing S-25]

=== Spain ===
Spain’s government has introduced a basic monthly income for struggling families amid the growing hardship caused by the outbreak of the new coronavirus.

The move announced on May 29, 2020 and was part of 2019's coalition agreement between socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez and Pablo Iglesias, the head of the left-wing alliance Unidas Podemos (UP).

The measure, which is expected to cost an annual three billion euros ($3.3bn), is aimed at ending extreme poverty, which affects about 600,000 homes and 1.6 million people.

It will guarantee an income of 462 euros ($512) a month for an adult living alone, while for families, there would be an additional 139 euros ($154) per person, whether adult or child, up to a monthly maximum of 1,015 euros ($1,126) for every home.[https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/5/30/spain-introduces-basic-income-scheme-to-tackle-poverty S-24]

== Books on Basic Income ==

Scott Santens has built a page with over 175 books on Basic Income. We highly recommend you check out [https://medium.com/basic-income/the-big-library-books-about-basic-income-b9763071b987 '''The BIG Library: Books About Universal Basic Income (UBI)]

== Low Income Measures ==

There are many measures to determine Low Income Statistics in Canada. GLBI uses the Low Income Measure "See [[Poverty Measures]]" as described by Statistics Canada.

Additionally, there is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO). LICO is considered the "Official Poverty Line" of Canada providing statistics regionally, however LIM is used as a more international standard of poverty and just nationally.

== Other Research Pages ==

There are many other resources on the internet that have gathered an archive about Basic Income both in Canada and Internationally. We encourage you to check out the following:

• [https://basicincome.org/research/ '''BasicIncome.Org Research]

== References ==

For references and links related to this article and those published by the author of this site please see [[References]]
[[Category:Guaranteed liveable basic income]]
[[Category:Income assistance]]
[[Category:Canada]]

Government Discussions on Basic Income

2022-12-17T03:47:47Z

JVander2022: /* 2022-02-15 */

== Timeline ==
Below you will find a collection (not everything) about guaranteed annual income in the Hansard directory as much as I could find. It is still growing. Sorted by date and then chronologically.

Each reference is separately counted so people who reference a specific part of the conversation may do so. All links on each day go to the same source. Timestamps are included in the text on our wiki for easier lookup.

We link the full document instead of individual conversations to ensure you have the most transparency and not limited to a specific result.

=== Hansard - 44th Parliament ===

==== 2021-12-03 ====
See [[HOC December 3, 2021]] [S-109]

==== 2021-12-08 ====
See [[HOC December 8, 2021]] [S-110]

==== 2021-12-10 ====
See [[HOC December 10, 2021]] [S-111]

==== 2021-12-14 ====
See [[HOC December 14, 2021]] [S-112]

==== 2021-12-15 ====
See [[HOC December 15, 2021]] [S-113]

==== 2021-12-16 - Introduction Bill C-223 ====
See [[HOC December 16, 2021]] [S-114] to [S-117]

==== 2022-01-31 ====
See [[HOC January 31, 2022]] [S-118] to [S-121]

==== 2022-02-01 ====
See [[HOC February 1, 2022]] [S-122] & [S-123]

==== 2022-02-02 ====
See [[HOC February 2, 2022]] [S-124] & [S-125]

==== 2022-02-03 ====
See [[HOC February 3, 2022]] [S-126] & [S-127]

==== 2022-02-10 ====
See [[HOC February 10, 2022]] [S-128]

==== 2022-02-11 ====
See [[HOC February 11, 2022]] [S-129]

==== 2022-02-15 ====

* This is the largest day of conversations in the house.

See [[HOC February 15, 2022]] [S-130] to [S-160]

==== 2022-02-16 ====
See [[HOC February 16, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-04 ====
See [[HOC March 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-21 ====
See [[HOC March 21, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-22 ====
See [[HOC March 22, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-28 ====
See [[HOC March 28, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-04 ====
See [[HOC April 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-25 ====
See [[HOC April 25, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-26 ====
See [[HOC April 26, 2022]]

==== 2022-10-04 - Petition Against ====
See [[HOC October 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-11-14 ====
See [[HOC November 14, 2022]]

=== COMMITTEES ===

==== Committee Evidence - FEWO-7 2022-03-01 ====
See [[FEWO March 1, 2022]]

Government Discussions on Basic Income

2022-12-17T03:47:23Z

JVander2022: /* 2022-02-15 */

== Timeline ==
Below you will find a collection (not everything) about guaranteed annual income in the Hansard directory as much as I could find. It is still growing. Sorted by date and then chronologically.

Each reference is separately counted so people who reference a specific part of the conversation may do so. All links on each day go to the same source. Timestamps are included in the text on our wiki for easier lookup.

We link the full document instead of individual conversations to ensure you have the most transparency and not limited to a specific result.

=== Hansard - 44th Parliament ===

==== 2021-12-03 ====
See [[HOC December 3, 2021]] [S-109]

==== 2021-12-08 ====
See [[HOC December 8, 2021]] [S-110]

==== 2021-12-10 ====
See [[HOC December 10, 2021]] [S-111]

==== 2021-12-14 ====
See [[HOC December 14, 2021]] [S-112]

==== 2021-12-15 ====
See [[HOC December 15, 2021]] [S-113]

==== 2021-12-16 - Introduction Bill C-223 ====
See [[HOC December 16, 2021]] [S-114] to [S-117]

==== 2022-01-31 ====
See [[HOC January 31, 2022]] [S-118] to [S-121]

==== 2022-02-01 ====
See [[HOC February 1, 2022]] [S-122] & [S-123]

==== 2022-02-02 ====
See [[HOC February 2, 2022]] [S-124] & [S-125]

==== 2022-02-03 ====
See [[HOC February 3, 2022]] [S-126] & [S-127]

==== 2022-02-10 ====
See [[HOC February 10, 2022]] [S-128]

==== 2022-02-11 ====
See [[HOC February 11, 2022]] [S-129]

==== 2022-02-15 ====
See [[HOC February 15, 2022]] [S-130] to [S-160]

==== 2022-02-16 ====
See [[HOC February 16, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-04 ====
See [[HOC March 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-21 ====
See [[HOC March 21, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-22 ====
See [[HOC March 22, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-28 ====
See [[HOC March 28, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-04 ====
See [[HOC April 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-25 ====
See [[HOC April 25, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-26 ====
See [[HOC April 26, 2022]]

==== 2022-10-04 - Petition Against ====
See [[HOC October 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-11-14 ====
See [[HOC November 14, 2022]]

=== COMMITTEES ===

==== Committee Evidence - FEWO-7 2022-03-01 ====
See [[FEWO March 1, 2022]]

Government Discussions on Basic Income

2022-12-17T03:46:54Z

JVander2022: /* 2022-02-11 */

== Timeline ==
Below you will find a collection (not everything) about guaranteed annual income in the Hansard directory as much as I could find. It is still growing. Sorted by date and then chronologically.

Each reference is separately counted so people who reference a specific part of the conversation may do so. All links on each day go to the same source. Timestamps are included in the text on our wiki for easier lookup.

We link the full document instead of individual conversations to ensure you have the most transparency and not limited to a specific result.

=== Hansard - 44th Parliament ===

==== 2021-12-03 ====
See [[HOC December 3, 2021]] [S-109]

==== 2021-12-08 ====
See [[HOC December 8, 2021]] [S-110]

==== 2021-12-10 ====
See [[HOC December 10, 2021]] [S-111]

==== 2021-12-14 ====
See [[HOC December 14, 2021]] [S-112]

==== 2021-12-15 ====
See [[HOC December 15, 2021]] [S-113]

==== 2021-12-16 - Introduction Bill C-223 ====
See [[HOC December 16, 2021]] [S-114] to [S-117]

==== 2022-01-31 ====
See [[HOC January 31, 2022]] [S-118] to [S-121]

==== 2022-02-01 ====
See [[HOC February 1, 2022]] [S-122] & [S-123]

==== 2022-02-02 ====
See [[HOC February 2, 2022]] [S-124] & [S-125]

==== 2022-02-03 ====
See [[HOC February 3, 2022]] [S-126] & [S-127]

==== 2022-02-10 ====
See [[HOC February 10, 2022]] [S-128]

==== 2022-02-11 ====
See [[HOC February 11, 2022]] [S-129]

==== 2022-02-15 ====
See [[HOC February 15, 2022]]

==== 2022-02-16 ====
See [[HOC February 16, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-04 ====
See [[HOC March 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-21 ====
See [[HOC March 21, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-22 ====
See [[HOC March 22, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-28 ====
See [[HOC March 28, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-04 ====
See [[HOC April 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-25 ====
See [[HOC April 25, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-26 ====
See [[HOC April 26, 2022]]

==== 2022-10-04 - Petition Against ====
See [[HOC October 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-11-14 ====
See [[HOC November 14, 2022]]

=== COMMITTEES ===

==== Committee Evidence - FEWO-7 2022-03-01 ====
See [[FEWO March 1, 2022]]

Government Discussions on Basic Income

2022-12-17T03:46:32Z

JVander2022: /* 2022-02-10 */

== Timeline ==
Below you will find a collection (not everything) about guaranteed annual income in the Hansard directory as much as I could find. It is still growing. Sorted by date and then chronologically.

Each reference is separately counted so people who reference a specific part of the conversation may do so. All links on each day go to the same source. Timestamps are included in the text on our wiki for easier lookup.

We link the full document instead of individual conversations to ensure you have the most transparency and not limited to a specific result.

=== Hansard - 44th Parliament ===

==== 2021-12-03 ====
See [[HOC December 3, 2021]] [S-109]

==== 2021-12-08 ====
See [[HOC December 8, 2021]] [S-110]

==== 2021-12-10 ====
See [[HOC December 10, 2021]] [S-111]

==== 2021-12-14 ====
See [[HOC December 14, 2021]] [S-112]

==== 2021-12-15 ====
See [[HOC December 15, 2021]] [S-113]

==== 2021-12-16 - Introduction Bill C-223 ====
See [[HOC December 16, 2021]] [S-114] to [S-117]

==== 2022-01-31 ====
See [[HOC January 31, 2022]] [S-118] to [S-121]

==== 2022-02-01 ====
See [[HOC February 1, 2022]] [S-122] & [S-123]

==== 2022-02-02 ====
See [[HOC February 2, 2022]] [S-124] & [S-125]

==== 2022-02-03 ====
See [[HOC February 3, 2022]] [S-126] & [S-127]

==== 2022-02-10 ====
See [[HOC February 10, 2022]] [S-128]

==== 2022-02-11 ====
See [[HOC February 11, 2022]]

==== 2022-02-15 ====
See [[HOC February 15, 2022]]

==== 2022-02-16 ====
See [[HOC February 16, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-04 ====
See [[HOC March 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-21 ====
See [[HOC March 21, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-22 ====
See [[HOC March 22, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-28 ====
See [[HOC March 28, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-04 ====
See [[HOC April 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-25 ====
See [[HOC April 25, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-26 ====
See [[HOC April 26, 2022]]

==== 2022-10-04 - Petition Against ====
See [[HOC October 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-11-14 ====
See [[HOC November 14, 2022]]

=== COMMITTEES ===

==== Committee Evidence - FEWO-7 2022-03-01 ====
See [[FEWO March 1, 2022]]

Government Discussions on Basic Income

2022-12-17T03:46:13Z

JVander2022: /* 2022-02-03 */

== Timeline ==
Below you will find a collection (not everything) about guaranteed annual income in the Hansard directory as much as I could find. It is still growing. Sorted by date and then chronologically.

Each reference is separately counted so people who reference a specific part of the conversation may do so. All links on each day go to the same source. Timestamps are included in the text on our wiki for easier lookup.

We link the full document instead of individual conversations to ensure you have the most transparency and not limited to a specific result.

=== Hansard - 44th Parliament ===

==== 2021-12-03 ====
See [[HOC December 3, 2021]] [S-109]

==== 2021-12-08 ====
See [[HOC December 8, 2021]] [S-110]

==== 2021-12-10 ====
See [[HOC December 10, 2021]] [S-111]

==== 2021-12-14 ====
See [[HOC December 14, 2021]] [S-112]

==== 2021-12-15 ====
See [[HOC December 15, 2021]] [S-113]

==== 2021-12-16 - Introduction Bill C-223 ====
See [[HOC December 16, 2021]] [S-114] to [S-117]

==== 2022-01-31 ====
See [[HOC January 31, 2022]] [S-118] to [S-121]

==== 2022-02-01 ====
See [[HOC February 1, 2022]] [S-122] & [S-123]

==== 2022-02-02 ====
See [[HOC February 2, 2022]] [S-124] & [S-125]

==== 2022-02-03 ====
See [[HOC February 3, 2022]] [S-126] & [S-127]

==== 2022-02-10 ====
See [[HOC February 10, 2022]]

==== 2022-02-11 ====
See [[HOC February 11, 2022]]

==== 2022-02-15 ====
See [[HOC February 15, 2022]]

==== 2022-02-16 ====
See [[HOC February 16, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-04 ====
See [[HOC March 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-21 ====
See [[HOC March 21, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-22 ====
See [[HOC March 22, 2022]]

==== 2022-03-28 ====
See [[HOC March 28, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-04 ====
See [[HOC April 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-25 ====
See [[HOC April 25, 2022]]

==== 2022-04-26 ====
See [[HOC April 26, 2022]]

==== 2022-10-04 - Petition Against ====
See [[HOC October 4, 2022]]

==== 2022-11-14 ====
See [[HOC November 14, 2022]]

=== COMMITTEES ===

==== Committee Evidence - FEWO-7 2022-03-01 ====
See [[FEWO March 1, 2022]]

Standing Committees

2022-12-17T03:44:11Z

JVander2022: /* List of Committees on WIKI.GLBI.CA */

== What is a Standing Committee? ==

Committees examine, in small groups, selected matters in greater depth than is possible in the House of Commons. They report conclusions of those examinations, and recommendations, to the House. Committees undertake studies on departmental spending, legislation and issues related to their mandate.

== List of Committees on WIKI.GLBI.CA ==

Each of the Committee's here, have spoken about Basic Income in their meetings. Clicking on one of them will take you to a list of conversation dates.

[[Standing Committee on Finance]] 
[[Standing Committee on the Status of Women]]

* Not all Committees are listed here. For a comprehensive list refer to the actual Commons Website: https://www.ourcommons.ca/Committees/en/ContactUs

Standing Committees

2022-12-17T03:43:10Z

JVander2022: /* List of Committees on WIKI.GLBI.CA */

== What is a Standing Committee? ==

Committees examine, in small groups, selected matters in greater depth than is possible in the House of Commons. They report conclusions of those examinations, and recommendations, to the House. Committees undertake studies on departmental spending, legislation and issues related to their mandate.

== List of Committees on WIKI.GLBI.CA ==

[[Standing Committee on Finance]] 
[[Standing Committee on the Status of Women]]

* Not all Committees are listed here. For a comprehensive list refer to the actual Commons Website: https://www.ourcommons.ca/Committees/en/ContactUs

Standing Committees

2022-12-17T03:42:49Z

JVander2022: /* List of Committees on WIKI.GLBI.CA */

== What is a Standing Committee? ==

Committees examine, in small groups, selected matters in greater depth than is possible in the House of Commons. They report conclusions of those examinations, and recommendations, to the House. Committees undertake studies on departmental spending, legislation and issues related to their mandate.

== List of Committees on WIKI.GLBI.CA ==

[[Standing Committee on Finance]] 
[[Standing Committee on the Status of Women]]

'* Not all Committees are listed here. For a comprehensive list refer to the actual Commons Website: [https://www.ourcommons.ca/Committees/en/ContactUs]

Standing Committees

2022-12-17T03:42:28Z

JVander2022:

== What is a Standing Committee? ==

Committees examine, in small groups, selected matters in greater depth than is possible in the House of Commons. They report conclusions of those examinations, and recommendations, to the House. Committees undertake studies on departmental spending, legislation and issues related to their mandate.

== List of Committees on WIKI.GLBI.CA ==

[[Standing Committee on Finance]] 
[[Standing Committee on the Status of Women]]

* Not all Committees are listed here. For a comprehensive list refer to the actual Commons Website: [https://www.ourcommons.ca/Committees/en/ContactUs]

Standing Committees

2022-12-17T03:42:18Z

JVander2022: Created page with "== What is a Standing Committee? == Committees examine, in small groups, selected matters in greater depth than is possible in the House of Commons. They report conclusions of those examinations, and recommendations, to the House. Committees undertake studies on departmental spending, legislation and issues related to their mandate. == List of Committees on WIKI.GLBI.CA == Standing Committee on Finance Standing Committee on the Status of Women * Not all Commi..."

== What is a Standing Committee? ==

Committees examine, in small groups, selected matters in greater depth than is possible in the House of Commons. They report conclusions of those examinations, and recommendations, to the House. Committees undertake studies on departmental spending, legislation and issues related to their mandate.

== List of Committees on WIKI.GLBI.CA ==

[[Standing Committee on Finance]]
[[Standing Committee on the Status of Women]]

* Not all Committees are listed here. For a comprehensive list refer to the actual Commons Website: [https://www.ourcommons.ca/Committees/en/ContactUs]

Standing Committee on Finance

2022-12-17T03:37:41Z

JVander2022:

== Discussions about Basic Income ==
In the Standing Committee on Finance the following conversations happened about Basic Income.

[[FINA February 3, 2022]]

Standing Committee on Finance

2022-12-17T03:37:15Z

JVander2022: Created page with "In the Standing Committee on Finance the following conversations happened about Basic Income. FINA February 3, 2022"

In the Standing Committee on Finance the following conversations happened about Basic Income.

[[FINA February 3, 2022]]

References

2022-12-17T03:32:37Z

JVander2022: /* Government Discussions on Basic Income */

__NOTOC__
= Site References by Author =

These References are not sorted, and may appear throughout the website out of order. They have a designation of S-# to represent that the author of this website placed that reference. Please use the number from the previous page you were reading. General public when editing other pages that are not protected need to use the < ref > coding. If you would like your link to be featured here as well, please [https://wiki.glbi.ca/index.php/Special:EmailUser/Jvander2022 Email the Author]

Unfortunately, there are too many references to list on the main GLBI page.

== Articles and Links ==

[S-1] [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/family-allowance.html ''Guest, Dennis. (2013). Family Allowance, The Canadian Encyclopedia] 
[S-2] [http://thoughtco.com/universal-basic-income-definition-and-history-4149802. ''Murse, Tom. "Should There Be a Universal Basic Income in the U.S.?"'' ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021] 
[S-3] [https://umanitoba.academia.edu/JimMulvale ''Mulvale, James P. (2008), Basic Income and the Canadian Welfare State: Exploring the Realms of Possibility.'' Basic Income Studies, 3(1)] 
[S-4] [https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-1819-370--costing-a-national-guaranteed-basic-income--etablissement-du-cout-dun-revenu-de ''Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO), Costing a National Guaranteed Basic Income Using the Ontario Basic Income Model'' April 17, 2018] 
[S-5] [http://www.progressiveeconomics.ca/2006/09/07/pondering-a-guaranteed-annual-income/ ''The Progressive Economics Forum. (2006). Pondering a Guaranteed Annual Income, September 7, 2006] 
[S-7] [https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/cra-arc/serv-info/tax/business/topics/cews/statistics/cews_p1-p21_tbl1_en.pdf/ ''Claims to date: Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy - Canada.ca, 2021] 
[S-8] [https://news.umanitoba.ca/donner-prize-announces-the-2018-2019-shortlist/ ''O of M's Evelyn Forget selected for Donner Prize shortlist, 2019] 
[S-9] [https://cpj.ca/book-review/book-review-basic-income-for-canadians-from-the-covid-19-emergency-to-financial-security-for-all/ ''Book Review: Basic Income for Canadians: From the COVID-19 Emergency to Financial Security for All, Citizens for Public Justice, 2019] 
[S-10] [https://worldcat.org/oclc/1155520735 ''Basic Income for Canadians: from the COVID-19 emergency to financial security for all, ISBN 978-1-4594-1568-3. OCLC 1155520735, Forget, Evelyn L. (2020).] 
[S-11] [https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/news/access-southern-ontario2019s-basic-income-experience-report ''McMaster University, Access Southern Ontario’s Basic Income Experience Report] 
[S-12] [https://basicincomealberta.ca/how-would-basic-income-help-small-business-owners/ ''Basic Income Alberta, How Would Basic Income Help Small Business Owners?] 
[S-13] [https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/july-2018/how-a-guaranteed-income-could-work/ ''Policy Options, Canada can afford a plausible guaranteed or basic income, but only if it is integrated with a simplified income tax system, 2018] 
[S-14] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-smart-money-why-the-world-should-embrace-universal-basic-income/ ''Smart money: Why the world should embrace universal basic income, Opinion: The Globe and Mail, 2018] 
[S-15] [https://globalnews.ca/news/4777313/liberals-national-guaranteed-income/ ''Liberals looking at national basic income as way to help Canadians cope with job instability, 2018] 
[S-16] [https://lindsayadvocate.ca/basic-income-canada-network-urges-all-federal-candidates-to-support-basic-income/ ''Basic Income Canada Network urges all federal candidates to support basic income, 2019] 
[S-17] [https://youtu.be/aL5yAw3lfj0 ''The Tyee: What is Universal basic income] 
[S-18] [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/after-the-recession-beware-the-jobless-recovery-202600519.html ''It could take years for the economy to recover from this crisis. Canadians need a Universal Basic Income for a fair and fast economic recovery, 2020] 
[S-19] [https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/basic-income-canada-coronavirus_ca_5e739cc7c5b6f5b7c53ff553 ''Feds Miss Chance To Test Universal Basic Income Amid Crisis, 2020] 
[S-20] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/opinion-universal-basic-income-1.5501938 ''Opinion: A universal basic income could help counter COVID-19's economic damage, 2020] 
[S-21] [https://ottawacitizen.com/diseases-and-conditions/coronavirus/its-time-to-stop-talking-about-basic-income-and-do-it/wcm/62fde0ca-f361-4831-95d7-404bc7f42c5e/ ''Stop talking about basic income and do it, Ottawa Citizen, 2020] 
[S-22] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/bosses-speed-up-automation-as-virus-keeps-workers-home ''4 out of 10 businesses say they are accelerating automation due to COVID-19, 2020] 
[S-23] [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/finland-apos-universal-basic-income-134748561.html?soc_src=social-sh&soc_trk=fb ''Finland's Universal Basic Income Experiment Just Gave Lawmakers a Really Good Reason to Back the Idea, 2020] 
[S-24] [https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/5/30/spain-introduces-basic-income-scheme-to-tackle-poverty ''Spain introduces basic income scheme to tackle poverty, 2020] 
[S-25] [https://www.kela.fi/web/en/news-archive/-/asset_publisher/lN08GY2nIrZo/content/results-of-the-basic-income-experiment-small-employment-effects-better-perceived-economic-security-and-mental-wellbeing ''Results of Finland's basic income experiment: small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing -kela.fi, 2020] 
[S-26] [https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/49980/ontarios-government-for-the-people-announces-compassionate-wind-down-of-basic-income-research-project ''Ontario's Government for the People Announces Compassionate Wind Down of Basic Income Research Project'', 2018] 
[S-27] [https://maytree.com/publications/advancing-the-canada-disability-benefit-quickly-to-meaningfully-support-working-age-adults-with-disabilities/ ''Advancing the Canada disability benefit quickly to meaningfully support working-age adults with disabilities, By: Mohy Tabbara, Garima Talwar Kapoor, 2021] 
[S-28] [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/understanding-the-changing-ratio-of-working-age-canadians-to-seniors-and-its-consequences ''Understanding the Changing Ratio of Working-Age Canadians to Seniors and Its Consequences, 2022] 
[S-29] [https://news.umanitoba.ca/cerb-proves-its-time-for-basic-income-says-economist/ ''CERB proves it’s time for basic income, says economist, 2020] 
[S-30] [https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/a-universal-basic-income-is-essential-and-will-work '' A Universal Basic Income Is Essential and Will Work ] 
[S-31] [https://www.sachem.ca/opinion-story/9960560-the-coronavirus-pandemic-demonstrates-the-wisdom-of-a-universal-basic-income/?fbclid=iwar1fazmjcu_udmdl7lsfcjt4lsbt1j-wfz2fppio68tor9lqqv_hyayl0m0 '' The coronavirus pandemic demonstrates the wisdom of a universal basic income] 
[S-32][https://nationalpost.com/opinion/opinion-to-address-the-needs-of-canadians-during-the-covid-19-crisis-we-need-a-targeted-basic-income '' Opinion: To address the needs of Canadians during the COVID-19 crisis, we need a targeted basic income] 
[S-33] [https://www.thenational.scot/news/18411999.nicola-sturgeon-press-boris-johnson-universal-basic-income/ '' Nicola Sturgeon to press Boris Johnson on universal basic income] 
[S-34] [https://www.orilliamatters.com/coronavirus-covid-19-local-news/orillia-senator-joins-growing-chorus-calling-for-minimum-basic-income-2288711 '' Orillia Senator joins growing chorus calling for minimum basic income] 
[S-35] [https://globelynews.com/americas/universal-basic-income-mental-health/ '' Universal Basic Income Could Improve the Nation’s Mental Health ] 
[S-36] [https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/eggleton-and-segal-covid-19-presents-lessons-in-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income-program-could-work/ '' Eggleton and Segal: COVID-19 presents lessons in how a guaranteed basic income program could work] 
[S-37] [https://www.unite.ai/universal-basic-income-in-the-age-of-covid-19/ '' Universal Basic Income in the Age of COVID-19 ] 
[S-38] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/coronavirus-pandemic-basic-income-1.5552388 '' Pandemic proves it's time for basic income for all, economists say ] 
[S-39] [https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/03/universal-basic-income-coronavirus-shocks?__twitter_impression=true '' Why universal basic income could help us fight the next wave of economic shocks ] 
[S-40] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/covid19-odsp-wage-benefits-1.5552060 '' CERB 'a slap in the face' for Ontarians scraping by on disability payments ] 
[S-41] [https://thewalrus.ca/how-universal-basic-income-will-save-the-economy/ '' How Universal Basic Income Will Save the Economy ] 
[S-42] [https://www.newscientist.com/article/2242937-universal-basic-income-seems-to-improve-employment-and-wellbeing/?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_campaign=echobox&utm_medium=social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR3E5dPwztDpS_8oQl6abZbA44me6ExrSa9FxYqJWTFJqUuct56QvJ8yY-0#Echobox=1588802881 '' Universal basic income seems to improve employment and wellbeing ] 
[S-43] [https://www.vancouverislandfreedaily.com/news/covid-19-pandemic-sparks-calls-for-guaranteed-livable-income/ '' COVID-19 pandemic sparks calls for Guaranteed Livable Income ] 
[S-44] [https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/coronavirus/two-thirds-of-manitobans-support-basic-income-570252842.html '' Two-thirds of Manitobans support basic income ] 
[S-45] [https://petitions.ourcommons.ca/en/Petition/Details?Petition=e-2577 '' e-2577 (Social affairs and equality) ] 
[S-46] [https://www.facebook.com/7746841478/posts/10157064205566479/ '' The results of a two-year trial in Finland are in. ] 
[S-47] [https://www.facebook.com/354017033144/posts/10158047591888145/ '' Expert calls for universal income amid an increase in food bank usage. ] 
[S-48] [https://montreal.citynews.ca/2020/05/09/expert-universal-income-amid-food-bank-usage/ '' Expert calls for universal income amid increase in food bank usage ] 
[S-49] [https://globalnews.ca/news/6926930/coronavirus-manitoba-basic-income/ '' Coronavirus: Basic income in Manitoba should be a right, not a privilege, says BIM chair ] 
[S-50] [https://amp.lbc.co.uk/radio/presenters/maajid-nawaz/universal-basic-income-coronavirus-boris-starmer/?__twitter_impression=true '' Maajid Nawaz: Universal basic income is next step for UK after Covid-19 ] 
[S-51] [https://twitter.com/NEWS1130/status/1259872204004700161?s=19 '' On @thebigstoryfpn: Right now, millions of Canadians are receiving $2,000 per month from their government. This isn't universal, but it's a huge step ...] 
[S-52] [https://www.kitchenertoday.com/coronavirus-covid-19-local-news/kitchener-council-to-vote-on-universal-basic-income-fcm-proposal-2340200 '' Kitchener council to vote on universal basic income, FCM proposal ] 
[S-53] [https://edmonton.citynews.ca/2020/05/11/universal-basic-income/ '' Will a Universal Basic Income finally get a real shot? ] 
[S-54] [https://stcroixcourier.ca/letters-to-the-editor-its-time-for-a-universal-guaranteed-annual-income/ '' Letters to the editor ] 
[S-55] [https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/b-c-explores-universal-basic-income-for-post-pandemic-world/ '' B.C. explores universal basic income for post-pandemic world ] 
[S-56] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackfriedman/2020/05/13/stimulus-check-univer-basic-income/#1332ee17557c '' $2,000 A Month Stimulus Check? Andrew Yang Proposed $1,000 A Month—Forever ] 
[S-57] [https://www.thesudburystar.com/news/local-news/sudbury-column-social-assistance-recipients-left-behind '' Sudbury column: Social assistance recipients left behind ] 
[S-58] [https://edmontonjournal.com/opinion/letters/fridays-letters-universal-basic-income-is-possible/ '' Friday's letters: Universal basic income is possible ] 
[S-59] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-cerb-and-other-coronavirus-benefits-wont-last-forever-or-will-they/?fbclid=IwAR3JmC0wvso1cGCoAIpHHZwSZY8kF7lKT7aSaOIui2J6f1noQTGrI5Daz7s '' CERB and other coronavirus benefits won’t last forever. Or will they? What a universal basic income could look like ] 
[S-60] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2020/05/15/some-42-of-jobs-lost-in-pandemic-are-gone-for-good '' 4 out of 10 recent layoffs may be permanent. When the CERB runs out, millions of Canadians face total income loss. ] 
[S-61] [https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/finland-has-shown-why-response-pandemic-should-involve-basic-income/ '' Finland has shown why a response to pandemic should involve Basic Income ] 
[S-62] [https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2020/05/20/guy-standing-on-how-lockdowns-make-the-case-for-a-basic-income '' Guy Standing on how lockdowns make the case for a basic income ] 
[S-63] [http://castlegarsource.com/news/mp-cannings-it%E2%80%99s-time-take-serious-look-basic-income-canada '' MP Cannings: It’s time to take a serious look at basic income in Canada. ] 
[S-64] [https://www.cheknews.ca/vancouver-islanders-start-two-petitions-calling-for-guaranteed-income-671288/ '' Vancouver Islanders start two petitions calling for guaranteed income ] 
[S-65] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/spain-rekindles-a-radical-idea-a-europe-wide-minimum-income '' Spain rekindles a radical idea: a Europe-wide minimum income' ] 
[S-66] [https://thepostmillennial.com/liberal-mp-wants-universal-basic-income-in-spite-of-canadas-tattered-economy '' Liberal MP wants universal basic income in spite of Canada's tattered economy ] 
[S-67] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/article-its-time-to-expand-canadian-medicare-and-make-it-truly-universal/ '' It’s time to expand Canadian medicare, and make it truly universal ] 
[S-68] [https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/finance/money-for-nothing-571069762.html '' Money for nothing? New book examines how universal basic income could help stem rising inequality, and unrest that comes with it ] 
[S-69] [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-09/universal-basic-income-is-key-to-u-k-recovery-think-tank-says?utm_source=url_link '' Universal Basic Income Is Key to U.K. Recovery, Think Tank Says ] 
[S-70] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/commentary/article-the-pandemic-has-exposed-the-precarious-economic-situation-of-many/ '' The pandemic has exposed the precarious economic situation of many Canadian families ] 
[S-71] [https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/news/peterborough-region/2020/06/16/cerb-shows-that-a-basic-income-could-work-peterborough-advocate-says.html '' CERB shows that a basic income is needed, Peterborough advocate says ] 
[S-72] [https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-06-16/canadian-universal-basic-income-experiment-has-been-life-changing-those '' Canadian universal basic income experiment has been life-changing for those unemployed amid coronavirus ] 
[S-73] [http://angusreid.org/universal-basic-income-covid19/ '' As COVID-19 rewrites playbook on social safety net, majorities support idea of basic income of up to 30K ] 
[S-74] [https://www.citynews1130.com/2020/06/18/canadians-basic-income/ '' Many Canadians support idea of basic income as emergency benefits prompt calls for consideration ] 
[S-75] [https://globalnews.ca/news/7077291/canadian-musicians-coalition/ '' COMMENTARY: Canadian Musicians Coalition’s proposal on wages is modest and make sense ] 
[S-76] [https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200624-canadas-forgotten-universal-basic-income-experiment?ocid=ww.social.link.twitter '' Canada’s forgotten universal basic income experiment ] 
[S-77] [https://www.tvo.org/article/an-ongoing-emergency-why-public-health-officials-are-calling-for-basic-income '' Across Ontario, public-health units are not only battling COVID-19 — but also advocating for a new post-pandemic normal ] 
[S-78] [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy-stimulus-idUSKBN24818U '' Economists call for more direct cash payments tied to the health of the economy ] 
[S-79] [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01993-3 '' Pandemic speeds largest test yet of universal basic income ] 
[S-80] [https://www.nationalobserver.com/2020/07/22/news/bc-would-welcome-talks-feds-over-basic-income-guarantee '' B.C. would welcome talks with feds over basic income guarantee ] 
[S-81] [https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/calls-up-150-per-person-18647303 '' Calls for up to £150 per person per week as universal basic income debated in Birmingham ] 
[S-82] [https://o.canada.com/pmn/business-pmn/un-calls-for-basic-income-to-curb-virus-spread-in-poor-nations/wcm/801cffb1-b299-4460-90d5-4324d2de9406 '' Cash Handouts to World's Poorest Can Slow Covid-19, UN Says ] 
[S-83] [https://nowtoronto.com/news/time-to-transform-canadian-society-with-a-basic-income '' Op-ed: It’s time to transform our society with a basic income ] 
[S-84] [https://ubiworks.ca/canada-child-benefit-basic-income-economic-contribution/ '' Canada's basic income for families, the Canada Child Benefit, is working to stimulate our economy, create jobs, and lift Canadians out of poverty...] 
[S-85] [https://brookfieldinstitute.ca/report/the-talented-mr-robot '' Nearly half of all tasks that Canadians do today at work can be automated with existing technology. ] 
[S-86] [https://www.change.org/p/justin-trudeau-canada-start-a-universal-basic-income-for-all-canadians-now '' Canada: start a universal basic income for all Canadians now! ] 
[S-87] [https://actions.sumofus.org/a/we-want-universal-basic-income/?akid=72750.7101624.hxC5J_&rd=1&source=fwd&t=10 '' We want Universal Basic Income ] 
[S-88] [https://www.change.org/p/chrystia-freeland-justin-trudeau-kathleen-wynne-create-a-basic-income-in-canada '' Change.Org: Create A Basic Income In Canada] 
[S-89] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-its-time-for-ottawa-to-seriously-study-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter '' Opinion: It’s time for Ottawa to seriously study how a guaranteed basic income could replace outdated layers of sclerotic support programs. ] 
[S-90] [https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/parliamentary-budget-officer-says-basic-income-program-could-halve-poverty-rate-1.5377748 '' Parliamentary budget officer says basic income program could halve poverty rate, 2021] 
[S-91] [https://www.economics.mcmaster.ca/news/bc-basic-income-panel-final-report-collaborations-from-mcmaster ''BC Basic Income Panel: Final Report - Collaborations from McMaster, 2021] 
[S-92] [https://globalization.mcmaster.ca/labour-studies/news/basic-income-report-in-the-star-did-free-cash-drive-people-to-quit-work-not-according-to-a-new-study-of-ontario2019s-basic-income-experiment ''Basic Income Report in the Star: 'Did free cash drive people to quit work? Not according to a new study of Ontario’s basic income experiment', 2021] 
[S-93] [https://mihe.mcmaster.ca/what-can-other-jurisdictions-learn-from-the-bc-basic-income-study/ ''What can other jurisdictions learn from the BC Basic Income study?, Robbie Brydon, 2021] 
[S-94] [https://t.co/lWfzqqzcVS ''Furstenau calls on Eby to lift persons with disabilities out of poverty, 2022] 
[S-98] [https://bc.ctvnews.ca/could-basic-income-work-in-b-c-province-to-research-feasibility-1.3998445 '' Could basic income work in B.C.? Province to research feasibility, 2018] 
[S-100] [https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/news/great-deal-of-support-in-both-houses-for-pei-basic-income-pilot-says-senator-100756857/ '' 'Great deal' of support in both houses for P.E.I. basic income pilot, says Senator, 2022] 
[S-101] [https://www.pbo-dpb.gc.ca/en/blog/news/BLOG-2021-004--update-five-year-cost-estimate-guaranteed-basic-income--mise-jour-estimation-cinq-ans-cout-revenu-base-garanti '' Update: Five-Year Cost Estimate of the Guaranteed Basic Income, 2020] 
[S-104] [https://fortune.com/2018/08/03/universal-basic-income-ontario-canada/ '' Backlash Erupts in Canadian Province After Government Kills Basic Income Test, 2018] 
[S-105] [https://jobmarketmonitor.com/2018/04/20/basic-income-in-canada-using-the-ontario-model-would-would-cost-between-76-0-billion-and-79-5-billion/ '' Basic Income in Canada – Using the Ontario model would would cost between $76.0 billion and $79.5 billion, 2018] 
[S-106] [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/ontario-is-canceling-its-basic-income-experiment '' Ontario is canceling its basic income experiment,PBS Newshour, 2018] 
[S-107] [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/6/universal-basic-income-program-fails-ontario/ '' Universal basic income program fails in Ontario, 2018] 
[S-181] [https://twitter.com/basicincomecdn/status/1601283189758214145 '' Interview with Charles Murphy, Artificial Intelligence''] 
[S-182] [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110002001 ''Statistics Canada, Census Family Low Income Measure] 
[S-183] [https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3Var.pl?Function=DEC&Id=252164 ''Statistics Canada, Low Income Status of a private household] 
[S-184] [https://workstudyvisa.com/low-income-cut-off-canada/ ''WorkStudyVisa.com - Low Income Cut Off in Canada] 
[S-185] [https://maytree.com/publications/how-do-we-measure-poverty/ ''MayTree - How do we measure poverty] 
[S-186] [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/75f0002m/75f0002m2016002-eng.htm ''Statistics Canada, Income Research Paper Series, Low Income Lines: What they are and how they are created] 

== PDF Document Links ==

=== Federal ===

[S-29] '''A Federal Basic Income Within the Post COVID-19 Economic Recovery Plan, 2020''' - ''https://news.umanitoba.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/FBI-PB_EN.pdf 

=== BC ===

[S-94] '''Covering All the Basics: Reforms for a More Just Society, 2020''' - ''https://bcbasicincomepanel.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Final_Report_BC_Basic_Income_Panel.pdf 
[S-96] '''Basic Income: Characteristics Related to Presence in and Absence From the Tax System, 2021''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/Basic-Income-Characteristics-Related-to-Presence-in-and-Absence-From-the-Tax-System_DGreen_PGutierrez_KMilligan_ESnowberg-0021.pdf 
[S-97] '''Labour Supply Issues Related to a Basic Income and Income Assistance, 2020''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/Labour-Supply-Issues-Related-to-a-Basic-Income-and-Income-Assistance-David-Green-converted.pdf 
[S-99] '''A Reanalysis of The Town with No Poverty: The Health Effects of a Canadian Guaranteed Annual Income Field Experiment, 2021''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/forget-cpp-reanalysis.pdf 

=== Manitoba ===

[S-6] '''The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment: Lessons Learned 40 Years Later, 2017''' - ''https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf 

=== Ontario ===

[S-95] '''Southern Ontario’s Basic Income Experience Report, McMaster University, 2020''' - ''https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/documents/southern-ontarios-basic-income-experience.pdf 
[S-103] '''Ontario Budget 2018 – ISAC Analysis And Budget Details, 2018''' - ''http://incomesecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ontario-Budget-2018-ISAC-Analysis-and-Budget-Details-March-28-2018.pdf 

== Budget Documents ==

[S-102] '''2017 Ontario Budget - A Stronger, Healthier Ontario''' - ''https://collections.ola.org/mon/31005/339601.pdf

== Petitions ==

There are many petitions referenced across GLBI.ca - Please use '''[[Petitions for Basic Income in Canada]]

== Government Discussions on Basic Income ==
See '''[[Government Discussions on Basic Income]]
<ul><li>44th Parliament (Hansard) S-109 through S-180</li><li>44th Parliament (Committees) S-187 through S-189</li></ul>

[[Category:Guaranteed liveable basic income]]
[[Category:Income assistance]]
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Employment insurance]]

References

2022-12-17T03:32:15Z

JVander2022: /* Government Discussions on Basic Income */

__NOTOC__
= Site References by Author =

These References are not sorted, and may appear throughout the website out of order. They have a designation of S-# to represent that the author of this website placed that reference. Please use the number from the previous page you were reading. General public when editing other pages that are not protected need to use the < ref > coding. If you would like your link to be featured here as well, please [https://wiki.glbi.ca/index.php/Special:EmailUser/Jvander2022 Email the Author]

Unfortunately, there are too many references to list on the main GLBI page.

== Articles and Links ==

[S-1] [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/family-allowance.html ''Guest, Dennis. (2013). Family Allowance, The Canadian Encyclopedia] 
[S-2] [http://thoughtco.com/universal-basic-income-definition-and-history-4149802. ''Murse, Tom. "Should There Be a Universal Basic Income in the U.S.?"'' ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021] 
[S-3] [https://umanitoba.academia.edu/JimMulvale ''Mulvale, James P. (2008), Basic Income and the Canadian Welfare State: Exploring the Realms of Possibility.'' Basic Income Studies, 3(1)] 
[S-4] [https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-1819-370--costing-a-national-guaranteed-basic-income--etablissement-du-cout-dun-revenu-de ''Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO), Costing a National Guaranteed Basic Income Using the Ontario Basic Income Model'' April 17, 2018] 
[S-5] [http://www.progressiveeconomics.ca/2006/09/07/pondering-a-guaranteed-annual-income/ ''The Progressive Economics Forum. (2006). Pondering a Guaranteed Annual Income, September 7, 2006] 
[S-7] [https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/cra-arc/serv-info/tax/business/topics/cews/statistics/cews_p1-p21_tbl1_en.pdf/ ''Claims to date: Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy - Canada.ca, 2021] 
[S-8] [https://news.umanitoba.ca/donner-prize-announces-the-2018-2019-shortlist/ ''O of M's Evelyn Forget selected for Donner Prize shortlist, 2019] 
[S-9] [https://cpj.ca/book-review/book-review-basic-income-for-canadians-from-the-covid-19-emergency-to-financial-security-for-all/ ''Book Review: Basic Income for Canadians: From the COVID-19 Emergency to Financial Security for All, Citizens for Public Justice, 2019] 
[S-10] [https://worldcat.org/oclc/1155520735 ''Basic Income for Canadians: from the COVID-19 emergency to financial security for all, ISBN 978-1-4594-1568-3. OCLC 1155520735, Forget, Evelyn L. (2020).] 
[S-11] [https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/news/access-southern-ontario2019s-basic-income-experience-report ''McMaster University, Access Southern Ontario’s Basic Income Experience Report] 
[S-12] [https://basicincomealberta.ca/how-would-basic-income-help-small-business-owners/ ''Basic Income Alberta, How Would Basic Income Help Small Business Owners?] 
[S-13] [https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/july-2018/how-a-guaranteed-income-could-work/ ''Policy Options, Canada can afford a plausible guaranteed or basic income, but only if it is integrated with a simplified income tax system, 2018] 
[S-14] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-smart-money-why-the-world-should-embrace-universal-basic-income/ ''Smart money: Why the world should embrace universal basic income, Opinion: The Globe and Mail, 2018] 
[S-15] [https://globalnews.ca/news/4777313/liberals-national-guaranteed-income/ ''Liberals looking at national basic income as way to help Canadians cope with job instability, 2018] 
[S-16] [https://lindsayadvocate.ca/basic-income-canada-network-urges-all-federal-candidates-to-support-basic-income/ ''Basic Income Canada Network urges all federal candidates to support basic income, 2019] 
[S-17] [https://youtu.be/aL5yAw3lfj0 ''The Tyee: What is Universal basic income] 
[S-18] [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/after-the-recession-beware-the-jobless-recovery-202600519.html ''It could take years for the economy to recover from this crisis. Canadians need a Universal Basic Income for a fair and fast economic recovery, 2020] 
[S-19] [https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/basic-income-canada-coronavirus_ca_5e739cc7c5b6f5b7c53ff553 ''Feds Miss Chance To Test Universal Basic Income Amid Crisis, 2020] 
[S-20] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/opinion-universal-basic-income-1.5501938 ''Opinion: A universal basic income could help counter COVID-19's economic damage, 2020] 
[S-21] [https://ottawacitizen.com/diseases-and-conditions/coronavirus/its-time-to-stop-talking-about-basic-income-and-do-it/wcm/62fde0ca-f361-4831-95d7-404bc7f42c5e/ ''Stop talking about basic income and do it, Ottawa Citizen, 2020] 
[S-22] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/bosses-speed-up-automation-as-virus-keeps-workers-home ''4 out of 10 businesses say they are accelerating automation due to COVID-19, 2020] 
[S-23] [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/finland-apos-universal-basic-income-134748561.html?soc_src=social-sh&soc_trk=fb ''Finland's Universal Basic Income Experiment Just Gave Lawmakers a Really Good Reason to Back the Idea, 2020] 
[S-24] [https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/5/30/spain-introduces-basic-income-scheme-to-tackle-poverty ''Spain introduces basic income scheme to tackle poverty, 2020] 
[S-25] [https://www.kela.fi/web/en/news-archive/-/asset_publisher/lN08GY2nIrZo/content/results-of-the-basic-income-experiment-small-employment-effects-better-perceived-economic-security-and-mental-wellbeing ''Results of Finland's basic income experiment: small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing -kela.fi, 2020] 
[S-26] [https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/49980/ontarios-government-for-the-people-announces-compassionate-wind-down-of-basic-income-research-project ''Ontario's Government for the People Announces Compassionate Wind Down of Basic Income Research Project'', 2018] 
[S-27] [https://maytree.com/publications/advancing-the-canada-disability-benefit-quickly-to-meaningfully-support-working-age-adults-with-disabilities/ ''Advancing the Canada disability benefit quickly to meaningfully support working-age adults with disabilities, By: Mohy Tabbara, Garima Talwar Kapoor, 2021] 
[S-28] [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/understanding-the-changing-ratio-of-working-age-canadians-to-seniors-and-its-consequences ''Understanding the Changing Ratio of Working-Age Canadians to Seniors and Its Consequences, 2022] 
[S-29] [https://news.umanitoba.ca/cerb-proves-its-time-for-basic-income-says-economist/ ''CERB proves it’s time for basic income, says economist, 2020] 
[S-30] [https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/a-universal-basic-income-is-essential-and-will-work '' A Universal Basic Income Is Essential and Will Work ] 
[S-31] [https://www.sachem.ca/opinion-story/9960560-the-coronavirus-pandemic-demonstrates-the-wisdom-of-a-universal-basic-income/?fbclid=iwar1fazmjcu_udmdl7lsfcjt4lsbt1j-wfz2fppio68tor9lqqv_hyayl0m0 '' The coronavirus pandemic demonstrates the wisdom of a universal basic income] 
[S-32][https://nationalpost.com/opinion/opinion-to-address-the-needs-of-canadians-during-the-covid-19-crisis-we-need-a-targeted-basic-income '' Opinion: To address the needs of Canadians during the COVID-19 crisis, we need a targeted basic income] 
[S-33] [https://www.thenational.scot/news/18411999.nicola-sturgeon-press-boris-johnson-universal-basic-income/ '' Nicola Sturgeon to press Boris Johnson on universal basic income] 
[S-34] [https://www.orilliamatters.com/coronavirus-covid-19-local-news/orillia-senator-joins-growing-chorus-calling-for-minimum-basic-income-2288711 '' Orillia Senator joins growing chorus calling for minimum basic income] 
[S-35] [https://globelynews.com/americas/universal-basic-income-mental-health/ '' Universal Basic Income Could Improve the Nation’s Mental Health ] 
[S-36] [https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/eggleton-and-segal-covid-19-presents-lessons-in-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income-program-could-work/ '' Eggleton and Segal: COVID-19 presents lessons in how a guaranteed basic income program could work] 
[S-37] [https://www.unite.ai/universal-basic-income-in-the-age-of-covid-19/ '' Universal Basic Income in the Age of COVID-19 ] 
[S-38] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/coronavirus-pandemic-basic-income-1.5552388 '' Pandemic proves it's time for basic income for all, economists say ] 
[S-39] [https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/03/universal-basic-income-coronavirus-shocks?__twitter_impression=true '' Why universal basic income could help us fight the next wave of economic shocks ] 
[S-40] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/covid19-odsp-wage-benefits-1.5552060 '' CERB 'a slap in the face' for Ontarians scraping by on disability payments ] 
[S-41] [https://thewalrus.ca/how-universal-basic-income-will-save-the-economy/ '' How Universal Basic Income Will Save the Economy ] 
[S-42] [https://www.newscientist.com/article/2242937-universal-basic-income-seems-to-improve-employment-and-wellbeing/?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_campaign=echobox&utm_medium=social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR3E5dPwztDpS_8oQl6abZbA44me6ExrSa9FxYqJWTFJqUuct56QvJ8yY-0#Echobox=1588802881 '' Universal basic income seems to improve employment and wellbeing ] 
[S-43] [https://www.vancouverislandfreedaily.com/news/covid-19-pandemic-sparks-calls-for-guaranteed-livable-income/ '' COVID-19 pandemic sparks calls for Guaranteed Livable Income ] 
[S-44] [https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/coronavirus/two-thirds-of-manitobans-support-basic-income-570252842.html '' Two-thirds of Manitobans support basic income ] 
[S-45] [https://petitions.ourcommons.ca/en/Petition/Details?Petition=e-2577 '' e-2577 (Social affairs and equality) ] 
[S-46] [https://www.facebook.com/7746841478/posts/10157064205566479/ '' The results of a two-year trial in Finland are in. ] 
[S-47] [https://www.facebook.com/354017033144/posts/10158047591888145/ '' Expert calls for universal income amid an increase in food bank usage. ] 
[S-48] [https://montreal.citynews.ca/2020/05/09/expert-universal-income-amid-food-bank-usage/ '' Expert calls for universal income amid increase in food bank usage ] 
[S-49] [https://globalnews.ca/news/6926930/coronavirus-manitoba-basic-income/ '' Coronavirus: Basic income in Manitoba should be a right, not a privilege, says BIM chair ] 
[S-50] [https://amp.lbc.co.uk/radio/presenters/maajid-nawaz/universal-basic-income-coronavirus-boris-starmer/?__twitter_impression=true '' Maajid Nawaz: Universal basic income is next step for UK after Covid-19 ] 
[S-51] [https://twitter.com/NEWS1130/status/1259872204004700161?s=19 '' On @thebigstoryfpn: Right now, millions of Canadians are receiving $2,000 per month from their government. This isn't universal, but it's a huge step ...] 
[S-52] [https://www.kitchenertoday.com/coronavirus-covid-19-local-news/kitchener-council-to-vote-on-universal-basic-income-fcm-proposal-2340200 '' Kitchener council to vote on universal basic income, FCM proposal ] 
[S-53] [https://edmonton.citynews.ca/2020/05/11/universal-basic-income/ '' Will a Universal Basic Income finally get a real shot? ] 
[S-54] [https://stcroixcourier.ca/letters-to-the-editor-its-time-for-a-universal-guaranteed-annual-income/ '' Letters to the editor ] 
[S-55] [https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/b-c-explores-universal-basic-income-for-post-pandemic-world/ '' B.C. explores universal basic income for post-pandemic world ] 
[S-56] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackfriedman/2020/05/13/stimulus-check-univer-basic-income/#1332ee17557c '' $2,000 A Month Stimulus Check? Andrew Yang Proposed $1,000 A Month—Forever ] 
[S-57] [https://www.thesudburystar.com/news/local-news/sudbury-column-social-assistance-recipients-left-behind '' Sudbury column: Social assistance recipients left behind ] 
[S-58] [https://edmontonjournal.com/opinion/letters/fridays-letters-universal-basic-income-is-possible/ '' Friday's letters: Universal basic income is possible ] 
[S-59] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-cerb-and-other-coronavirus-benefits-wont-last-forever-or-will-they/?fbclid=IwAR3JmC0wvso1cGCoAIpHHZwSZY8kF7lKT7aSaOIui2J6f1noQTGrI5Daz7s '' CERB and other coronavirus benefits won’t last forever. Or will they? What a universal basic income could look like ] 
[S-60] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2020/05/15/some-42-of-jobs-lost-in-pandemic-are-gone-for-good '' 4 out of 10 recent layoffs may be permanent. When the CERB runs out, millions of Canadians face total income loss. ] 
[S-61] [https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/finland-has-shown-why-response-pandemic-should-involve-basic-income/ '' Finland has shown why a response to pandemic should involve Basic Income ] 
[S-62] [https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2020/05/20/guy-standing-on-how-lockdowns-make-the-case-for-a-basic-income '' Guy Standing on how lockdowns make the case for a basic income ] 
[S-63] [http://castlegarsource.com/news/mp-cannings-it%E2%80%99s-time-take-serious-look-basic-income-canada '' MP Cannings: It’s time to take a serious look at basic income in Canada. ] 
[S-64] [https://www.cheknews.ca/vancouver-islanders-start-two-petitions-calling-for-guaranteed-income-671288/ '' Vancouver Islanders start two petitions calling for guaranteed income ] 
[S-65] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/spain-rekindles-a-radical-idea-a-europe-wide-minimum-income '' Spain rekindles a radical idea: a Europe-wide minimum income' ] 
[S-66] [https://thepostmillennial.com/liberal-mp-wants-universal-basic-income-in-spite-of-canadas-tattered-economy '' Liberal MP wants universal basic income in spite of Canada's tattered economy ] 
[S-67] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/article-its-time-to-expand-canadian-medicare-and-make-it-truly-universal/ '' It’s time to expand Canadian medicare, and make it truly universal ] 
[S-68] [https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/finance/money-for-nothing-571069762.html '' Money for nothing? New book examines how universal basic income could help stem rising inequality, and unrest that comes with it ] 
[S-69] [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-09/universal-basic-income-is-key-to-u-k-recovery-think-tank-says?utm_source=url_link '' Universal Basic Income Is Key to U.K. Recovery, Think Tank Says ] 
[S-70] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/commentary/article-the-pandemic-has-exposed-the-precarious-economic-situation-of-many/ '' The pandemic has exposed the precarious economic situation of many Canadian families ] 
[S-71] [https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/news/peterborough-region/2020/06/16/cerb-shows-that-a-basic-income-could-work-peterborough-advocate-says.html '' CERB shows that a basic income is needed, Peterborough advocate says ] 
[S-72] [https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-06-16/canadian-universal-basic-income-experiment-has-been-life-changing-those '' Canadian universal basic income experiment has been life-changing for those unemployed amid coronavirus ] 
[S-73] [http://angusreid.org/universal-basic-income-covid19/ '' As COVID-19 rewrites playbook on social safety net, majorities support idea of basic income of up to 30K ] 
[S-74] [https://www.citynews1130.com/2020/06/18/canadians-basic-income/ '' Many Canadians support idea of basic income as emergency benefits prompt calls for consideration ] 
[S-75] [https://globalnews.ca/news/7077291/canadian-musicians-coalition/ '' COMMENTARY: Canadian Musicians Coalition’s proposal on wages is modest and make sense ] 
[S-76] [https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200624-canadas-forgotten-universal-basic-income-experiment?ocid=ww.social.link.twitter '' Canada’s forgotten universal basic income experiment ] 
[S-77] [https://www.tvo.org/article/an-ongoing-emergency-why-public-health-officials-are-calling-for-basic-income '' Across Ontario, public-health units are not only battling COVID-19 — but also advocating for a new post-pandemic normal ] 
[S-78] [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy-stimulus-idUSKBN24818U '' Economists call for more direct cash payments tied to the health of the economy ] 
[S-79] [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01993-3 '' Pandemic speeds largest test yet of universal basic income ] 
[S-80] [https://www.nationalobserver.com/2020/07/22/news/bc-would-welcome-talks-feds-over-basic-income-guarantee '' B.C. would welcome talks with feds over basic income guarantee ] 
[S-81] [https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/calls-up-150-per-person-18647303 '' Calls for up to £150 per person per week as universal basic income debated in Birmingham ] 
[S-82] [https://o.canada.com/pmn/business-pmn/un-calls-for-basic-income-to-curb-virus-spread-in-poor-nations/wcm/801cffb1-b299-4460-90d5-4324d2de9406 '' Cash Handouts to World's Poorest Can Slow Covid-19, UN Says ] 
[S-83] [https://nowtoronto.com/news/time-to-transform-canadian-society-with-a-basic-income '' Op-ed: It’s time to transform our society with a basic income ] 
[S-84] [https://ubiworks.ca/canada-child-benefit-basic-income-economic-contribution/ '' Canada's basic income for families, the Canada Child Benefit, is working to stimulate our economy, create jobs, and lift Canadians out of poverty...] 
[S-85] [https://brookfieldinstitute.ca/report/the-talented-mr-robot '' Nearly half of all tasks that Canadians do today at work can be automated with existing technology. ] 
[S-86] [https://www.change.org/p/justin-trudeau-canada-start-a-universal-basic-income-for-all-canadians-now '' Canada: start a universal basic income for all Canadians now! ] 
[S-87] [https://actions.sumofus.org/a/we-want-universal-basic-income/?akid=72750.7101624.hxC5J_&rd=1&source=fwd&t=10 '' We want Universal Basic Income ] 
[S-88] [https://www.change.org/p/chrystia-freeland-justin-trudeau-kathleen-wynne-create-a-basic-income-in-canada '' Change.Org: Create A Basic Income In Canada] 
[S-89] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-its-time-for-ottawa-to-seriously-study-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter '' Opinion: It’s time for Ottawa to seriously study how a guaranteed basic income could replace outdated layers of sclerotic support programs. ] 
[S-90] [https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/parliamentary-budget-officer-says-basic-income-program-could-halve-poverty-rate-1.5377748 '' Parliamentary budget officer says basic income program could halve poverty rate, 2021] 
[S-91] [https://www.economics.mcmaster.ca/news/bc-basic-income-panel-final-report-collaborations-from-mcmaster ''BC Basic Income Panel: Final Report - Collaborations from McMaster, 2021] 
[S-92] [https://globalization.mcmaster.ca/labour-studies/news/basic-income-report-in-the-star-did-free-cash-drive-people-to-quit-work-not-according-to-a-new-study-of-ontario2019s-basic-income-experiment ''Basic Income Report in the Star: 'Did free cash drive people to quit work? Not according to a new study of Ontario’s basic income experiment', 2021] 
[S-93] [https://mihe.mcmaster.ca/what-can-other-jurisdictions-learn-from-the-bc-basic-income-study/ ''What can other jurisdictions learn from the BC Basic Income study?, Robbie Brydon, 2021] 
[S-94] [https://t.co/lWfzqqzcVS ''Furstenau calls on Eby to lift persons with disabilities out of poverty, 2022] 
[S-98] [https://bc.ctvnews.ca/could-basic-income-work-in-b-c-province-to-research-feasibility-1.3998445 '' Could basic income work in B.C.? Province to research feasibility, 2018] 
[S-100] [https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/news/great-deal-of-support-in-both-houses-for-pei-basic-income-pilot-says-senator-100756857/ '' 'Great deal' of support in both houses for P.E.I. basic income pilot, says Senator, 2022] 
[S-101] [https://www.pbo-dpb.gc.ca/en/blog/news/BLOG-2021-004--update-five-year-cost-estimate-guaranteed-basic-income--mise-jour-estimation-cinq-ans-cout-revenu-base-garanti '' Update: Five-Year Cost Estimate of the Guaranteed Basic Income, 2020] 
[S-104] [https://fortune.com/2018/08/03/universal-basic-income-ontario-canada/ '' Backlash Erupts in Canadian Province After Government Kills Basic Income Test, 2018] 
[S-105] [https://jobmarketmonitor.com/2018/04/20/basic-income-in-canada-using-the-ontario-model-would-would-cost-between-76-0-billion-and-79-5-billion/ '' Basic Income in Canada – Using the Ontario model would would cost between $76.0 billion and $79.5 billion, 2018] 
[S-106] [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/ontario-is-canceling-its-basic-income-experiment '' Ontario is canceling its basic income experiment,PBS Newshour, 2018] 
[S-107] [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/6/universal-basic-income-program-fails-ontario/ '' Universal basic income program fails in Ontario, 2018] 
[S-181] [https://twitter.com/basicincomecdn/status/1601283189758214145 '' Interview with Charles Murphy, Artificial Intelligence''] 
[S-182] [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110002001 ''Statistics Canada, Census Family Low Income Measure] 
[S-183] [https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3Var.pl?Function=DEC&Id=252164 ''Statistics Canada, Low Income Status of a private household] 
[S-184] [https://workstudyvisa.com/low-income-cut-off-canada/ ''WorkStudyVisa.com - Low Income Cut Off in Canada] 
[S-185] [https://maytree.com/publications/how-do-we-measure-poverty/ ''MayTree - How do we measure poverty] 
[S-186] [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/75f0002m/75f0002m2016002-eng.htm ''Statistics Canada, Income Research Paper Series, Low Income Lines: What they are and how they are created] 

== PDF Document Links ==

=== Federal ===

[S-29] '''A Federal Basic Income Within the Post COVID-19 Economic Recovery Plan, 2020''' - ''https://news.umanitoba.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/FBI-PB_EN.pdf 

=== BC ===

[S-94] '''Covering All the Basics: Reforms for a More Just Society, 2020''' - ''https://bcbasicincomepanel.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Final_Report_BC_Basic_Income_Panel.pdf 
[S-96] '''Basic Income: Characteristics Related to Presence in and Absence From the Tax System, 2021''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/Basic-Income-Characteristics-Related-to-Presence-in-and-Absence-From-the-Tax-System_DGreen_PGutierrez_KMilligan_ESnowberg-0021.pdf 
[S-97] '''Labour Supply Issues Related to a Basic Income and Income Assistance, 2020''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/Labour-Supply-Issues-Related-to-a-Basic-Income-and-Income-Assistance-David-Green-converted.pdf 
[S-99] '''A Reanalysis of The Town with No Poverty: The Health Effects of a Canadian Guaranteed Annual Income Field Experiment, 2021''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/forget-cpp-reanalysis.pdf 

=== Manitoba ===

[S-6] '''The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment: Lessons Learned 40 Years Later, 2017''' - ''https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf 

=== Ontario ===

[S-95] '''Southern Ontario’s Basic Income Experience Report, McMaster University, 2020''' - ''https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/documents/southern-ontarios-basic-income-experience.pdf 
[S-103] '''Ontario Budget 2018 – ISAC Analysis And Budget Details, 2018''' - ''http://incomesecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ontario-Budget-2018-ISAC-Analysis-and-Budget-Details-March-28-2018.pdf 

== Budget Documents ==

[S-102] '''2017 Ontario Budget - A Stronger, Healthier Ontario''' - ''https://collections.ola.org/mon/31005/339601.pdf

== Petitions ==

There are many petitions referenced across GLBI.ca - Please use '''[[Petitions for Basic Income in Canada]]

== Government Discussions on Basic Income ==
See '''[[Government Discussions on Basic Income]]
<ul><li>44th Parliament S-109 through S-180</li><li>44th Parliament (Committees) S-187 through S-189</li></ul>

[[Category:Guaranteed liveable basic income]]
[[Category:Income assistance]]
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Employment insurance]]

References

2022-12-17T03:31:57Z

JVander2022: /* Government Discussions on Basic Income */

__NOTOC__
= Site References by Author =

These References are not sorted, and may appear throughout the website out of order. They have a designation of S-# to represent that the author of this website placed that reference. Please use the number from the previous page you were reading. General public when editing other pages that are not protected need to use the < ref > coding. If you would like your link to be featured here as well, please [https://wiki.glbi.ca/index.php/Special:EmailUser/Jvander2022 Email the Author]

Unfortunately, there are too many references to list on the main GLBI page.

== Articles and Links ==

[S-1] [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/family-allowance.html ''Guest, Dennis. (2013). Family Allowance, The Canadian Encyclopedia] 
[S-2] [http://thoughtco.com/universal-basic-income-definition-and-history-4149802. ''Murse, Tom. "Should There Be a Universal Basic Income in the U.S.?"'' ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021] 
[S-3] [https://umanitoba.academia.edu/JimMulvale ''Mulvale, James P. (2008), Basic Income and the Canadian Welfare State: Exploring the Realms of Possibility.'' Basic Income Studies, 3(1)] 
[S-4] [https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-1819-370--costing-a-national-guaranteed-basic-income--etablissement-du-cout-dun-revenu-de ''Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO), Costing a National Guaranteed Basic Income Using the Ontario Basic Income Model'' April 17, 2018] 
[S-5] [http://www.progressiveeconomics.ca/2006/09/07/pondering-a-guaranteed-annual-income/ ''The Progressive Economics Forum. (2006). Pondering a Guaranteed Annual Income, September 7, 2006] 
[S-7] [https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/cra-arc/serv-info/tax/business/topics/cews/statistics/cews_p1-p21_tbl1_en.pdf/ ''Claims to date: Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy - Canada.ca, 2021] 
[S-8] [https://news.umanitoba.ca/donner-prize-announces-the-2018-2019-shortlist/ ''O of M's Evelyn Forget selected for Donner Prize shortlist, 2019] 
[S-9] [https://cpj.ca/book-review/book-review-basic-income-for-canadians-from-the-covid-19-emergency-to-financial-security-for-all/ ''Book Review: Basic Income for Canadians: From the COVID-19 Emergency to Financial Security for All, Citizens for Public Justice, 2019] 
[S-10] [https://worldcat.org/oclc/1155520735 ''Basic Income for Canadians: from the COVID-19 emergency to financial security for all, ISBN 978-1-4594-1568-3. OCLC 1155520735, Forget, Evelyn L. (2020).] 
[S-11] [https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/news/access-southern-ontario2019s-basic-income-experience-report ''McMaster University, Access Southern Ontario’s Basic Income Experience Report] 
[S-12] [https://basicincomealberta.ca/how-would-basic-income-help-small-business-owners/ ''Basic Income Alberta, How Would Basic Income Help Small Business Owners?] 
[S-13] [https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/july-2018/how-a-guaranteed-income-could-work/ ''Policy Options, Canada can afford a plausible guaranteed or basic income, but only if it is integrated with a simplified income tax system, 2018] 
[S-14] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-smart-money-why-the-world-should-embrace-universal-basic-income/ ''Smart money: Why the world should embrace universal basic income, Opinion: The Globe and Mail, 2018] 
[S-15] [https://globalnews.ca/news/4777313/liberals-national-guaranteed-income/ ''Liberals looking at national basic income as way to help Canadians cope with job instability, 2018] 
[S-16] [https://lindsayadvocate.ca/basic-income-canada-network-urges-all-federal-candidates-to-support-basic-income/ ''Basic Income Canada Network urges all federal candidates to support basic income, 2019] 
[S-17] [https://youtu.be/aL5yAw3lfj0 ''The Tyee: What is Universal basic income] 
[S-18] [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/after-the-recession-beware-the-jobless-recovery-202600519.html ''It could take years for the economy to recover from this crisis. Canadians need a Universal Basic Income for a fair and fast economic recovery, 2020] 
[S-19] [https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/basic-income-canada-coronavirus_ca_5e739cc7c5b6f5b7c53ff553 ''Feds Miss Chance To Test Universal Basic Income Amid Crisis, 2020] 
[S-20] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/opinion-universal-basic-income-1.5501938 ''Opinion: A universal basic income could help counter COVID-19's economic damage, 2020] 
[S-21] [https://ottawacitizen.com/diseases-and-conditions/coronavirus/its-time-to-stop-talking-about-basic-income-and-do-it/wcm/62fde0ca-f361-4831-95d7-404bc7f42c5e/ ''Stop talking about basic income and do it, Ottawa Citizen, 2020] 
[S-22] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/bosses-speed-up-automation-as-virus-keeps-workers-home ''4 out of 10 businesses say they are accelerating automation due to COVID-19, 2020] 
[S-23] [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/finland-apos-universal-basic-income-134748561.html?soc_src=social-sh&soc_trk=fb ''Finland's Universal Basic Income Experiment Just Gave Lawmakers a Really Good Reason to Back the Idea, 2020] 
[S-24] [https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/5/30/spain-introduces-basic-income-scheme-to-tackle-poverty ''Spain introduces basic income scheme to tackle poverty, 2020] 
[S-25] [https://www.kela.fi/web/en/news-archive/-/asset_publisher/lN08GY2nIrZo/content/results-of-the-basic-income-experiment-small-employment-effects-better-perceived-economic-security-and-mental-wellbeing ''Results of Finland's basic income experiment: small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing -kela.fi, 2020] 
[S-26] [https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/49980/ontarios-government-for-the-people-announces-compassionate-wind-down-of-basic-income-research-project ''Ontario's Government for the People Announces Compassionate Wind Down of Basic Income Research Project'', 2018] 
[S-27] [https://maytree.com/publications/advancing-the-canada-disability-benefit-quickly-to-meaningfully-support-working-age-adults-with-disabilities/ ''Advancing the Canada disability benefit quickly to meaningfully support working-age adults with disabilities, By: Mohy Tabbara, Garima Talwar Kapoor, 2021] 
[S-28] [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/understanding-the-changing-ratio-of-working-age-canadians-to-seniors-and-its-consequences ''Understanding the Changing Ratio of Working-Age Canadians to Seniors and Its Consequences, 2022] 
[S-29] [https://news.umanitoba.ca/cerb-proves-its-time-for-basic-income-says-economist/ ''CERB proves it’s time for basic income, says economist, 2020] 
[S-30] [https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/a-universal-basic-income-is-essential-and-will-work '' A Universal Basic Income Is Essential and Will Work ] 
[S-31] [https://www.sachem.ca/opinion-story/9960560-the-coronavirus-pandemic-demonstrates-the-wisdom-of-a-universal-basic-income/?fbclid=iwar1fazmjcu_udmdl7lsfcjt4lsbt1j-wfz2fppio68tor9lqqv_hyayl0m0 '' The coronavirus pandemic demonstrates the wisdom of a universal basic income] 
[S-32][https://nationalpost.com/opinion/opinion-to-address-the-needs-of-canadians-during-the-covid-19-crisis-we-need-a-targeted-basic-income '' Opinion: To address the needs of Canadians during the COVID-19 crisis, we need a targeted basic income] 
[S-33] [https://www.thenational.scot/news/18411999.nicola-sturgeon-press-boris-johnson-universal-basic-income/ '' Nicola Sturgeon to press Boris Johnson on universal basic income] 
[S-34] [https://www.orilliamatters.com/coronavirus-covid-19-local-news/orillia-senator-joins-growing-chorus-calling-for-minimum-basic-income-2288711 '' Orillia Senator joins growing chorus calling for minimum basic income] 
[S-35] [https://globelynews.com/americas/universal-basic-income-mental-health/ '' Universal Basic Income Could Improve the Nation’s Mental Health ] 
[S-36] [https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/eggleton-and-segal-covid-19-presents-lessons-in-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income-program-could-work/ '' Eggleton and Segal: COVID-19 presents lessons in how a guaranteed basic income program could work] 
[S-37] [https://www.unite.ai/universal-basic-income-in-the-age-of-covid-19/ '' Universal Basic Income in the Age of COVID-19 ] 
[S-38] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/coronavirus-pandemic-basic-income-1.5552388 '' Pandemic proves it's time for basic income for all, economists say ] 
[S-39] [https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/03/universal-basic-income-coronavirus-shocks?__twitter_impression=true '' Why universal basic income could help us fight the next wave of economic shocks ] 
[S-40] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/covid19-odsp-wage-benefits-1.5552060 '' CERB 'a slap in the face' for Ontarians scraping by on disability payments ] 
[S-41] [https://thewalrus.ca/how-universal-basic-income-will-save-the-economy/ '' How Universal Basic Income Will Save the Economy ] 
[S-42] [https://www.newscientist.com/article/2242937-universal-basic-income-seems-to-improve-employment-and-wellbeing/?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_campaign=echobox&utm_medium=social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR3E5dPwztDpS_8oQl6abZbA44me6ExrSa9FxYqJWTFJqUuct56QvJ8yY-0#Echobox=1588802881 '' Universal basic income seems to improve employment and wellbeing ] 
[S-43] [https://www.vancouverislandfreedaily.com/news/covid-19-pandemic-sparks-calls-for-guaranteed-livable-income/ '' COVID-19 pandemic sparks calls for Guaranteed Livable Income ] 
[S-44] [https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/coronavirus/two-thirds-of-manitobans-support-basic-income-570252842.html '' Two-thirds of Manitobans support basic income ] 
[S-45] [https://petitions.ourcommons.ca/en/Petition/Details?Petition=e-2577 '' e-2577 (Social affairs and equality) ] 
[S-46] [https://www.facebook.com/7746841478/posts/10157064205566479/ '' The results of a two-year trial in Finland are in. ] 
[S-47] [https://www.facebook.com/354017033144/posts/10158047591888145/ '' Expert calls for universal income amid an increase in food bank usage. ] 
[S-48] [https://montreal.citynews.ca/2020/05/09/expert-universal-income-amid-food-bank-usage/ '' Expert calls for universal income amid increase in food bank usage ] 
[S-49] [https://globalnews.ca/news/6926930/coronavirus-manitoba-basic-income/ '' Coronavirus: Basic income in Manitoba should be a right, not a privilege, says BIM chair ] 
[S-50] [https://amp.lbc.co.uk/radio/presenters/maajid-nawaz/universal-basic-income-coronavirus-boris-starmer/?__twitter_impression=true '' Maajid Nawaz: Universal basic income is next step for UK after Covid-19 ] 
[S-51] [https://twitter.com/NEWS1130/status/1259872204004700161?s=19 '' On @thebigstoryfpn: Right now, millions of Canadians are receiving $2,000 per month from their government. This isn't universal, but it's a huge step ...] 
[S-52] [https://www.kitchenertoday.com/coronavirus-covid-19-local-news/kitchener-council-to-vote-on-universal-basic-income-fcm-proposal-2340200 '' Kitchener council to vote on universal basic income, FCM proposal ] 
[S-53] [https://edmonton.citynews.ca/2020/05/11/universal-basic-income/ '' Will a Universal Basic Income finally get a real shot? ] 
[S-54] [https://stcroixcourier.ca/letters-to-the-editor-its-time-for-a-universal-guaranteed-annual-income/ '' Letters to the editor ] 
[S-55] [https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/b-c-explores-universal-basic-income-for-post-pandemic-world/ '' B.C. explores universal basic income for post-pandemic world ] 
[S-56] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackfriedman/2020/05/13/stimulus-check-univer-basic-income/#1332ee17557c '' $2,000 A Month Stimulus Check? Andrew Yang Proposed $1,000 A Month—Forever ] 
[S-57] [https://www.thesudburystar.com/news/local-news/sudbury-column-social-assistance-recipients-left-behind '' Sudbury column: Social assistance recipients left behind ] 
[S-58] [https://edmontonjournal.com/opinion/letters/fridays-letters-universal-basic-income-is-possible/ '' Friday's letters: Universal basic income is possible ] 
[S-59] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-cerb-and-other-coronavirus-benefits-wont-last-forever-or-will-they/?fbclid=IwAR3JmC0wvso1cGCoAIpHHZwSZY8kF7lKT7aSaOIui2J6f1noQTGrI5Daz7s '' CERB and other coronavirus benefits won’t last forever. Or will they? What a universal basic income could look like ] 
[S-60] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2020/05/15/some-42-of-jobs-lost-in-pandemic-are-gone-for-good '' 4 out of 10 recent layoffs may be permanent. When the CERB runs out, millions of Canadians face total income loss. ] 
[S-61] [https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/finland-has-shown-why-response-pandemic-should-involve-basic-income/ '' Finland has shown why a response to pandemic should involve Basic Income ] 
[S-62] [https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2020/05/20/guy-standing-on-how-lockdowns-make-the-case-for-a-basic-income '' Guy Standing on how lockdowns make the case for a basic income ] 
[S-63] [http://castlegarsource.com/news/mp-cannings-it%E2%80%99s-time-take-serious-look-basic-income-canada '' MP Cannings: It’s time to take a serious look at basic income in Canada. ] 
[S-64] [https://www.cheknews.ca/vancouver-islanders-start-two-petitions-calling-for-guaranteed-income-671288/ '' Vancouver Islanders start two petitions calling for guaranteed income ] 
[S-65] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/spain-rekindles-a-radical-idea-a-europe-wide-minimum-income '' Spain rekindles a radical idea: a Europe-wide minimum income' ] 
[S-66] [https://thepostmillennial.com/liberal-mp-wants-universal-basic-income-in-spite-of-canadas-tattered-economy '' Liberal MP wants universal basic income in spite of Canada's tattered economy ] 
[S-67] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/article-its-time-to-expand-canadian-medicare-and-make-it-truly-universal/ '' It’s time to expand Canadian medicare, and make it truly universal ] 
[S-68] [https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/finance/money-for-nothing-571069762.html '' Money for nothing? New book examines how universal basic income could help stem rising inequality, and unrest that comes with it ] 
[S-69] [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-09/universal-basic-income-is-key-to-u-k-recovery-think-tank-says?utm_source=url_link '' Universal Basic Income Is Key to U.K. Recovery, Think Tank Says ] 
[S-70] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/commentary/article-the-pandemic-has-exposed-the-precarious-economic-situation-of-many/ '' The pandemic has exposed the precarious economic situation of many Canadian families ] 
[S-71] [https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/news/peterborough-region/2020/06/16/cerb-shows-that-a-basic-income-could-work-peterborough-advocate-says.html '' CERB shows that a basic income is needed, Peterborough advocate says ] 
[S-72] [https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-06-16/canadian-universal-basic-income-experiment-has-been-life-changing-those '' Canadian universal basic income experiment has been life-changing for those unemployed amid coronavirus ] 
[S-73] [http://angusreid.org/universal-basic-income-covid19/ '' As COVID-19 rewrites playbook on social safety net, majorities support idea of basic income of up to 30K ] 
[S-74] [https://www.citynews1130.com/2020/06/18/canadians-basic-income/ '' Many Canadians support idea of basic income as emergency benefits prompt calls for consideration ] 
[S-75] [https://globalnews.ca/news/7077291/canadian-musicians-coalition/ '' COMMENTARY: Canadian Musicians Coalition’s proposal on wages is modest and make sense ] 
[S-76] [https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200624-canadas-forgotten-universal-basic-income-experiment?ocid=ww.social.link.twitter '' Canada’s forgotten universal basic income experiment ] 
[S-77] [https://www.tvo.org/article/an-ongoing-emergency-why-public-health-officials-are-calling-for-basic-income '' Across Ontario, public-health units are not only battling COVID-19 — but also advocating for a new post-pandemic normal ] 
[S-78] [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy-stimulus-idUSKBN24818U '' Economists call for more direct cash payments tied to the health of the economy ] 
[S-79] [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01993-3 '' Pandemic speeds largest test yet of universal basic income ] 
[S-80] [https://www.nationalobserver.com/2020/07/22/news/bc-would-welcome-talks-feds-over-basic-income-guarantee '' B.C. would welcome talks with feds over basic income guarantee ] 
[S-81] [https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/calls-up-150-per-person-18647303 '' Calls for up to £150 per person per week as universal basic income debated in Birmingham ] 
[S-82] [https://o.canada.com/pmn/business-pmn/un-calls-for-basic-income-to-curb-virus-spread-in-poor-nations/wcm/801cffb1-b299-4460-90d5-4324d2de9406 '' Cash Handouts to World's Poorest Can Slow Covid-19, UN Says ] 
[S-83] [https://nowtoronto.com/news/time-to-transform-canadian-society-with-a-basic-income '' Op-ed: It’s time to transform our society with a basic income ] 
[S-84] [https://ubiworks.ca/canada-child-benefit-basic-income-economic-contribution/ '' Canada's basic income for families, the Canada Child Benefit, is working to stimulate our economy, create jobs, and lift Canadians out of poverty...] 
[S-85] [https://brookfieldinstitute.ca/report/the-talented-mr-robot '' Nearly half of all tasks that Canadians do today at work can be automated with existing technology. ] 
[S-86] [https://www.change.org/p/justin-trudeau-canada-start-a-universal-basic-income-for-all-canadians-now '' Canada: start a universal basic income for all Canadians now! ] 
[S-87] [https://actions.sumofus.org/a/we-want-universal-basic-income/?akid=72750.7101624.hxC5J_&rd=1&source=fwd&t=10 '' We want Universal Basic Income ] 
[S-88] [https://www.change.org/p/chrystia-freeland-justin-trudeau-kathleen-wynne-create-a-basic-income-in-canada '' Change.Org: Create A Basic Income In Canada] 
[S-89] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-its-time-for-ottawa-to-seriously-study-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter '' Opinion: It’s time for Ottawa to seriously study how a guaranteed basic income could replace outdated layers of sclerotic support programs. ] 
[S-90] [https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/parliamentary-budget-officer-says-basic-income-program-could-halve-poverty-rate-1.5377748 '' Parliamentary budget officer says basic income program could halve poverty rate, 2021] 
[S-91] [https://www.economics.mcmaster.ca/news/bc-basic-income-panel-final-report-collaborations-from-mcmaster ''BC Basic Income Panel: Final Report - Collaborations from McMaster, 2021] 
[S-92] [https://globalization.mcmaster.ca/labour-studies/news/basic-income-report-in-the-star-did-free-cash-drive-people-to-quit-work-not-according-to-a-new-study-of-ontario2019s-basic-income-experiment ''Basic Income Report in the Star: 'Did free cash drive people to quit work? Not according to a new study of Ontario’s basic income experiment', 2021] 
[S-93] [https://mihe.mcmaster.ca/what-can-other-jurisdictions-learn-from-the-bc-basic-income-study/ ''What can other jurisdictions learn from the BC Basic Income study?, Robbie Brydon, 2021] 
[S-94] [https://t.co/lWfzqqzcVS ''Furstenau calls on Eby to lift persons with disabilities out of poverty, 2022] 
[S-98] [https://bc.ctvnews.ca/could-basic-income-work-in-b-c-province-to-research-feasibility-1.3998445 '' Could basic income work in B.C.? Province to research feasibility, 2018] 
[S-100] [https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/news/great-deal-of-support-in-both-houses-for-pei-basic-income-pilot-says-senator-100756857/ '' 'Great deal' of support in both houses for P.E.I. basic income pilot, says Senator, 2022] 
[S-101] [https://www.pbo-dpb.gc.ca/en/blog/news/BLOG-2021-004--update-five-year-cost-estimate-guaranteed-basic-income--mise-jour-estimation-cinq-ans-cout-revenu-base-garanti '' Update: Five-Year Cost Estimate of the Guaranteed Basic Income, 2020] 
[S-104] [https://fortune.com/2018/08/03/universal-basic-income-ontario-canada/ '' Backlash Erupts in Canadian Province After Government Kills Basic Income Test, 2018] 
[S-105] [https://jobmarketmonitor.com/2018/04/20/basic-income-in-canada-using-the-ontario-model-would-would-cost-between-76-0-billion-and-79-5-billion/ '' Basic Income in Canada – Using the Ontario model would would cost between $76.0 billion and $79.5 billion, 2018] 
[S-106] [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/ontario-is-canceling-its-basic-income-experiment '' Ontario is canceling its basic income experiment,PBS Newshour, 2018] 
[S-107] [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/6/universal-basic-income-program-fails-ontario/ '' Universal basic income program fails in Ontario, 2018] 
[S-181] [https://twitter.com/basicincomecdn/status/1601283189758214145 '' Interview with Charles Murphy, Artificial Intelligence''] 
[S-182] [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110002001 ''Statistics Canada, Census Family Low Income Measure] 
[S-183] [https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3Var.pl?Function=DEC&Id=252164 ''Statistics Canada, Low Income Status of a private household] 
[S-184] [https://workstudyvisa.com/low-income-cut-off-canada/ ''WorkStudyVisa.com - Low Income Cut Off in Canada] 
[S-185] [https://maytree.com/publications/how-do-we-measure-poverty/ ''MayTree - How do we measure poverty] 
[S-186] [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/75f0002m/75f0002m2016002-eng.htm ''Statistics Canada, Income Research Paper Series, Low Income Lines: What they are and how they are created] 

== PDF Document Links ==

=== Federal ===

[S-29] '''A Federal Basic Income Within the Post COVID-19 Economic Recovery Plan, 2020''' - ''https://news.umanitoba.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/FBI-PB_EN.pdf 

=== BC ===

[S-94] '''Covering All the Basics: Reforms for a More Just Society, 2020''' - ''https://bcbasicincomepanel.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Final_Report_BC_Basic_Income_Panel.pdf 
[S-96] '''Basic Income: Characteristics Related to Presence in and Absence From the Tax System, 2021''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/Basic-Income-Characteristics-Related-to-Presence-in-and-Absence-From-the-Tax-System_DGreen_PGutierrez_KMilligan_ESnowberg-0021.pdf 
[S-97] '''Labour Supply Issues Related to a Basic Income and Income Assistance, 2020''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/Labour-Supply-Issues-Related-to-a-Basic-Income-and-Income-Assistance-David-Green-converted.pdf 
[S-99] '''A Reanalysis of The Town with No Poverty: The Health Effects of a Canadian Guaranteed Annual Income Field Experiment, 2021''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/forget-cpp-reanalysis.pdf 

=== Manitoba ===

[S-6] '''The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment: Lessons Learned 40 Years Later, 2017''' - ''https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf 

=== Ontario ===

[S-95] '''Southern Ontario’s Basic Income Experience Report, McMaster University, 2020''' - ''https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/documents/southern-ontarios-basic-income-experience.pdf 
[S-103] '''Ontario Budget 2018 – ISAC Analysis And Budget Details, 2018''' - ''http://incomesecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ontario-Budget-2018-ISAC-Analysis-and-Budget-Details-March-28-2018.pdf 

== Budget Documents ==

[S-102] '''2017 Ontario Budget - A Stronger, Healthier Ontario''' - ''https://collections.ola.org/mon/31005/339601.pdf

== Petitions ==

There are many petitions referenced across GLBI.ca - Please use '''[[Petitions for Basic Income in Canada]]

== Government Discussions on Basic Income ==
See '''[[Government Discussions on Basic Income]]
<ul><li>44th Parliament S-109 through S-180</li><li>44th Parliament (Committees) S-187-189</li></ul>

[[Category:Guaranteed liveable basic income]]
[[Category:Income assistance]]
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Employment insurance]]

References

2022-12-17T03:31:39Z

JVander2022:

__NOTOC__
= Site References by Author =

These References are not sorted, and may appear throughout the website out of order. They have a designation of S-# to represent that the author of this website placed that reference. Please use the number from the previous page you were reading. General public when editing other pages that are not protected need to use the < ref > coding. If you would like your link to be featured here as well, please [https://wiki.glbi.ca/index.php/Special:EmailUser/Jvander2022 Email the Author]

Unfortunately, there are too many references to list on the main GLBI page.

== Articles and Links ==

[S-1] [https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/family-allowance.html ''Guest, Dennis. (2013). Family Allowance, The Canadian Encyclopedia] 
[S-2] [http://thoughtco.com/universal-basic-income-definition-and-history-4149802. ''Murse, Tom. "Should There Be a Universal Basic Income in the U.S.?"'' ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021] 
[S-3] [https://umanitoba.academia.edu/JimMulvale ''Mulvale, James P. (2008), Basic Income and the Canadian Welfare State: Exploring the Realms of Possibility.'' Basic Income Studies, 3(1)] 
[S-4] [https://www.pbo-dpb.ca/en/publications/RP-1819-370--costing-a-national-guaranteed-basic-income--etablissement-du-cout-dun-revenu-de ''Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO), Costing a National Guaranteed Basic Income Using the Ontario Basic Income Model'' April 17, 2018] 
[S-5] [http://www.progressiveeconomics.ca/2006/09/07/pondering-a-guaranteed-annual-income/ ''The Progressive Economics Forum. (2006). Pondering a Guaranteed Annual Income, September 7, 2006] 
[S-7] [https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/cra-arc/serv-info/tax/business/topics/cews/statistics/cews_p1-p21_tbl1_en.pdf/ ''Claims to date: Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy - Canada.ca, 2021] 
[S-8] [https://news.umanitoba.ca/donner-prize-announces-the-2018-2019-shortlist/ ''O of M's Evelyn Forget selected for Donner Prize shortlist, 2019] 
[S-9] [https://cpj.ca/book-review/book-review-basic-income-for-canadians-from-the-covid-19-emergency-to-financial-security-for-all/ ''Book Review: Basic Income for Canadians: From the COVID-19 Emergency to Financial Security for All, Citizens for Public Justice, 2019] 
[S-10] [https://worldcat.org/oclc/1155520735 ''Basic Income for Canadians: from the COVID-19 emergency to financial security for all, ISBN 978-1-4594-1568-3. OCLC 1155520735, Forget, Evelyn L. (2020).] 
[S-11] [https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/news/access-southern-ontario2019s-basic-income-experience-report ''McMaster University, Access Southern Ontario’s Basic Income Experience Report] 
[S-12] [https://basicincomealberta.ca/how-would-basic-income-help-small-business-owners/ ''Basic Income Alberta, How Would Basic Income Help Small Business Owners?] 
[S-13] [https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/july-2018/how-a-guaranteed-income-could-work/ ''Policy Options, Canada can afford a plausible guaranteed or basic income, but only if it is integrated with a simplified income tax system, 2018] 
[S-14] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-smart-money-why-the-world-should-embrace-universal-basic-income/ ''Smart money: Why the world should embrace universal basic income, Opinion: The Globe and Mail, 2018] 
[S-15] [https://globalnews.ca/news/4777313/liberals-national-guaranteed-income/ ''Liberals looking at national basic income as way to help Canadians cope with job instability, 2018] 
[S-16] [https://lindsayadvocate.ca/basic-income-canada-network-urges-all-federal-candidates-to-support-basic-income/ ''Basic Income Canada Network urges all federal candidates to support basic income, 2019] 
[S-17] [https://youtu.be/aL5yAw3lfj0 ''The Tyee: What is Universal basic income] 
[S-18] [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/after-the-recession-beware-the-jobless-recovery-202600519.html ''It could take years for the economy to recover from this crisis. Canadians need a Universal Basic Income for a fair and fast economic recovery, 2020] 
[S-19] [https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/basic-income-canada-coronavirus_ca_5e739cc7c5b6f5b7c53ff553 ''Feds Miss Chance To Test Universal Basic Income Amid Crisis, 2020] 
[S-20] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/opinion/opinion-universal-basic-income-1.5501938 ''Opinion: A universal basic income could help counter COVID-19's economic damage, 2020] 
[S-21] [https://ottawacitizen.com/diseases-and-conditions/coronavirus/its-time-to-stop-talking-about-basic-income-and-do-it/wcm/62fde0ca-f361-4831-95d7-404bc7f42c5e/ ''Stop talking about basic income and do it, Ottawa Citizen, 2020] 
[S-22] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/bosses-speed-up-automation-as-virus-keeps-workers-home ''4 out of 10 businesses say they are accelerating automation due to COVID-19, 2020] 
[S-23] [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/finland-apos-universal-basic-income-134748561.html?soc_src=social-sh&soc_trk=fb ''Finland's Universal Basic Income Experiment Just Gave Lawmakers a Really Good Reason to Back the Idea, 2020] 
[S-24] [https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2020/5/30/spain-introduces-basic-income-scheme-to-tackle-poverty ''Spain introduces basic income scheme to tackle poverty, 2020] 
[S-25] [https://www.kela.fi/web/en/news-archive/-/asset_publisher/lN08GY2nIrZo/content/results-of-the-basic-income-experiment-small-employment-effects-better-perceived-economic-security-and-mental-wellbeing ''Results of Finland's basic income experiment: small employment effects, better perceived economic security and mental wellbeing -kela.fi, 2020] 
[S-26] [https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/49980/ontarios-government-for-the-people-announces-compassionate-wind-down-of-basic-income-research-project ''Ontario's Government for the People Announces Compassionate Wind Down of Basic Income Research Project'', 2018] 
[S-27] [https://maytree.com/publications/advancing-the-canada-disability-benefit-quickly-to-meaningfully-support-working-age-adults-with-disabilities/ ''Advancing the Canada disability benefit quickly to meaningfully support working-age adults with disabilities, By: Mohy Tabbara, Garima Talwar Kapoor, 2021] 
[S-28] [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/understanding-the-changing-ratio-of-working-age-canadians-to-seniors-and-its-consequences ''Understanding the Changing Ratio of Working-Age Canadians to Seniors and Its Consequences, 2022] 
[S-29] [https://news.umanitoba.ca/cerb-proves-its-time-for-basic-income-says-economist/ ''CERB proves it’s time for basic income, says economist, 2020] 
[S-30] [https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/a-universal-basic-income-is-essential-and-will-work '' A Universal Basic Income Is Essential and Will Work ] 
[S-31] [https://www.sachem.ca/opinion-story/9960560-the-coronavirus-pandemic-demonstrates-the-wisdom-of-a-universal-basic-income/?fbclid=iwar1fazmjcu_udmdl7lsfcjt4lsbt1j-wfz2fppio68tor9lqqv_hyayl0m0 '' The coronavirus pandemic demonstrates the wisdom of a universal basic income] 
[S-32][https://nationalpost.com/opinion/opinion-to-address-the-needs-of-canadians-during-the-covid-19-crisis-we-need-a-targeted-basic-income '' Opinion: To address the needs of Canadians during the COVID-19 crisis, we need a targeted basic income] 
[S-33] [https://www.thenational.scot/news/18411999.nicola-sturgeon-press-boris-johnson-universal-basic-income/ '' Nicola Sturgeon to press Boris Johnson on universal basic income] 
[S-34] [https://www.orilliamatters.com/coronavirus-covid-19-local-news/orillia-senator-joins-growing-chorus-calling-for-minimum-basic-income-2288711 '' Orillia Senator joins growing chorus calling for minimum basic income] 
[S-35] [https://globelynews.com/americas/universal-basic-income-mental-health/ '' Universal Basic Income Could Improve the Nation’s Mental Health ] 
[S-36] [https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/eggleton-and-segal-covid-19-presents-lessons-in-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income-program-could-work/ '' Eggleton and Segal: COVID-19 presents lessons in how a guaranteed basic income program could work] 
[S-37] [https://www.unite.ai/universal-basic-income-in-the-age-of-covid-19/ '' Universal Basic Income in the Age of COVID-19 ] 
[S-38] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/coronavirus-pandemic-basic-income-1.5552388 '' Pandemic proves it's time for basic income for all, economists say ] 
[S-39] [https://amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/03/universal-basic-income-coronavirus-shocks?__twitter_impression=true '' Why universal basic income could help us fight the next wave of economic shocks ] 
[S-40] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/covid19-odsp-wage-benefits-1.5552060 '' CERB 'a slap in the face' for Ontarians scraping by on disability payments ] 
[S-41] [https://thewalrus.ca/how-universal-basic-income-will-save-the-economy/ '' How Universal Basic Income Will Save the Economy ] 
[S-42] [https://www.newscientist.com/article/2242937-universal-basic-income-seems-to-improve-employment-and-wellbeing/?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_campaign=echobox&utm_medium=social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR3E5dPwztDpS_8oQl6abZbA44me6ExrSa9FxYqJWTFJqUuct56QvJ8yY-0#Echobox=1588802881 '' Universal basic income seems to improve employment and wellbeing ] 
[S-43] [https://www.vancouverislandfreedaily.com/news/covid-19-pandemic-sparks-calls-for-guaranteed-livable-income/ '' COVID-19 pandemic sparks calls for Guaranteed Livable Income ] 
[S-44] [https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/special/coronavirus/two-thirds-of-manitobans-support-basic-income-570252842.html '' Two-thirds of Manitobans support basic income ] 
[S-45] [https://petitions.ourcommons.ca/en/Petition/Details?Petition=e-2577 '' e-2577 (Social affairs and equality) ] 
[S-46] [https://www.facebook.com/7746841478/posts/10157064205566479/ '' The results of a two-year trial in Finland are in. ] 
[S-47] [https://www.facebook.com/354017033144/posts/10158047591888145/ '' Expert calls for universal income amid an increase in food bank usage. ] 
[S-48] [https://montreal.citynews.ca/2020/05/09/expert-universal-income-amid-food-bank-usage/ '' Expert calls for universal income amid increase in food bank usage ] 
[S-49] [https://globalnews.ca/news/6926930/coronavirus-manitoba-basic-income/ '' Coronavirus: Basic income in Manitoba should be a right, not a privilege, says BIM chair ] 
[S-50] [https://amp.lbc.co.uk/radio/presenters/maajid-nawaz/universal-basic-income-coronavirus-boris-starmer/?__twitter_impression=true '' Maajid Nawaz: Universal basic income is next step for UK after Covid-19 ] 
[S-51] [https://twitter.com/NEWS1130/status/1259872204004700161?s=19 '' On @thebigstoryfpn: Right now, millions of Canadians are receiving $2,000 per month from their government. This isn't universal, but it's a huge step ...] 
[S-52] [https://www.kitchenertoday.com/coronavirus-covid-19-local-news/kitchener-council-to-vote-on-universal-basic-income-fcm-proposal-2340200 '' Kitchener council to vote on universal basic income, FCM proposal ] 
[S-53] [https://edmonton.citynews.ca/2020/05/11/universal-basic-income/ '' Will a Universal Basic Income finally get a real shot? ] 
[S-54] [https://stcroixcourier.ca/letters-to-the-editor-its-time-for-a-universal-guaranteed-annual-income/ '' Letters to the editor ] 
[S-55] [https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/b-c-explores-universal-basic-income-for-post-pandemic-world/ '' B.C. explores universal basic income for post-pandemic world ] 
[S-56] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackfriedman/2020/05/13/stimulus-check-univer-basic-income/#1332ee17557c '' $2,000 A Month Stimulus Check? Andrew Yang Proposed $1,000 A Month—Forever ] 
[S-57] [https://www.thesudburystar.com/news/local-news/sudbury-column-social-assistance-recipients-left-behind '' Sudbury column: Social assistance recipients left behind ] 
[S-58] [https://edmontonjournal.com/opinion/letters/fridays-letters-universal-basic-income-is-possible/ '' Friday's letters: Universal basic income is possible ] 
[S-59] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-cerb-and-other-coronavirus-benefits-wont-last-forever-or-will-they/?fbclid=IwAR3JmC0wvso1cGCoAIpHHZwSZY8kF7lKT7aSaOIui2J6f1noQTGrI5Daz7s '' CERB and other coronavirus benefits won’t last forever. Or will they? What a universal basic income could look like ] 
[S-60] [https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2020/05/15/some-42-of-jobs-lost-in-pandemic-are-gone-for-good '' 4 out of 10 recent layoffs may be permanent. When the CERB runs out, millions of Canadians face total income loss. ] 
[S-61] [https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/finland-has-shown-why-response-pandemic-should-involve-basic-income/ '' Finland has shown why a response to pandemic should involve Basic Income ] 
[S-62] [https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2020/05/20/guy-standing-on-how-lockdowns-make-the-case-for-a-basic-income '' Guy Standing on how lockdowns make the case for a basic income ] 
[S-63] [http://castlegarsource.com/news/mp-cannings-it%E2%80%99s-time-take-serious-look-basic-income-canada '' MP Cannings: It’s time to take a serious look at basic income in Canada. ] 
[S-64] [https://www.cheknews.ca/vancouver-islanders-start-two-petitions-calling-for-guaranteed-income-671288/ '' Vancouver Islanders start two petitions calling for guaranteed income ] 
[S-65] [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/spain-rekindles-a-radical-idea-a-europe-wide-minimum-income '' Spain rekindles a radical idea: a Europe-wide minimum income' ] 
[S-66] [https://thepostmillennial.com/liberal-mp-wants-universal-basic-income-in-spite-of-canadas-tattered-economy '' Liberal MP wants universal basic income in spite of Canada's tattered economy ] 
[S-67] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/article-its-time-to-expand-canadian-medicare-and-make-it-truly-universal/ '' It’s time to expand Canadian medicare, and make it truly universal ] 
[S-68] [https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/finance/money-for-nothing-571069762.html '' Money for nothing? New book examines how universal basic income could help stem rising inequality, and unrest that comes with it ] 
[S-69] [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-09/universal-basic-income-is-key-to-u-k-recovery-think-tank-says?utm_source=url_link '' Universal Basic Income Is Key to U.K. Recovery, Think Tank Says ] 
[S-70] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/commentary/article-the-pandemic-has-exposed-the-precarious-economic-situation-of-many/ '' The pandemic has exposed the precarious economic situation of many Canadian families ] 
[S-71] [https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/news/peterborough-region/2020/06/16/cerb-shows-that-a-basic-income-could-work-peterborough-advocate-says.html '' CERB shows that a basic income is needed, Peterborough advocate says ] 
[S-72] [https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-06-16/canadian-universal-basic-income-experiment-has-been-life-changing-those '' Canadian universal basic income experiment has been life-changing for those unemployed amid coronavirus ] 
[S-73] [http://angusreid.org/universal-basic-income-covid19/ '' As COVID-19 rewrites playbook on social safety net, majorities support idea of basic income of up to 30K ] 
[S-74] [https://www.citynews1130.com/2020/06/18/canadians-basic-income/ '' Many Canadians support idea of basic income as emergency benefits prompt calls for consideration ] 
[S-75] [https://globalnews.ca/news/7077291/canadian-musicians-coalition/ '' COMMENTARY: Canadian Musicians Coalition’s proposal on wages is modest and make sense ] 
[S-76] [https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200624-canadas-forgotten-universal-basic-income-experiment?ocid=ww.social.link.twitter '' Canada’s forgotten universal basic income experiment ] 
[S-77] [https://www.tvo.org/article/an-ongoing-emergency-why-public-health-officials-are-calling-for-basic-income '' Across Ontario, public-health units are not only battling COVID-19 — but also advocating for a new post-pandemic normal ] 
[S-78] [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy-stimulus-idUSKBN24818U '' Economists call for more direct cash payments tied to the health of the economy ] 
[S-79] [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01993-3 '' Pandemic speeds largest test yet of universal basic income ] 
[S-80] [https://www.nationalobserver.com/2020/07/22/news/bc-would-welcome-talks-feds-over-basic-income-guarantee '' B.C. would welcome talks with feds over basic income guarantee ] 
[S-81] [https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/calls-up-150-per-person-18647303 '' Calls for up to £150 per person per week as universal basic income debated in Birmingham ] 
[S-82] [https://o.canada.com/pmn/business-pmn/un-calls-for-basic-income-to-curb-virus-spread-in-poor-nations/wcm/801cffb1-b299-4460-90d5-4324d2de9406 '' Cash Handouts to World's Poorest Can Slow Covid-19, UN Says ] 
[S-83] [https://nowtoronto.com/news/time-to-transform-canadian-society-with-a-basic-income '' Op-ed: It’s time to transform our society with a basic income ] 
[S-84] [https://ubiworks.ca/canada-child-benefit-basic-income-economic-contribution/ '' Canada's basic income for families, the Canada Child Benefit, is working to stimulate our economy, create jobs, and lift Canadians out of poverty...] 
[S-85] [https://brookfieldinstitute.ca/report/the-talented-mr-robot '' Nearly half of all tasks that Canadians do today at work can be automated with existing technology. ] 
[S-86] [https://www.change.org/p/justin-trudeau-canada-start-a-universal-basic-income-for-all-canadians-now '' Canada: start a universal basic income for all Canadians now! ] 
[S-87] [https://actions.sumofus.org/a/we-want-universal-basic-income/?akid=72750.7101624.hxC5J_&rd=1&source=fwd&t=10 '' We want Universal Basic Income ] 
[S-88] [https://www.change.org/p/chrystia-freeland-justin-trudeau-kathleen-wynne-create-a-basic-income-in-canada '' Change.Org: Create A Basic Income In Canada] 
[S-89] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-its-time-for-ottawa-to-seriously-study-how-a-guaranteed-basic-income/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter '' Opinion: It’s time for Ottawa to seriously study how a guaranteed basic income could replace outdated layers of sclerotic support programs. ] 
[S-90] [https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/parliamentary-budget-officer-says-basic-income-program-could-halve-poverty-rate-1.5377748 '' Parliamentary budget officer says basic income program could halve poverty rate, 2021] 
[S-91] [https://www.economics.mcmaster.ca/news/bc-basic-income-panel-final-report-collaborations-from-mcmaster ''BC Basic Income Panel: Final Report - Collaborations from McMaster, 2021] 
[S-92] [https://globalization.mcmaster.ca/labour-studies/news/basic-income-report-in-the-star-did-free-cash-drive-people-to-quit-work-not-according-to-a-new-study-of-ontario2019s-basic-income-experiment ''Basic Income Report in the Star: 'Did free cash drive people to quit work? Not according to a new study of Ontario’s basic income experiment', 2021] 
[S-93] [https://mihe.mcmaster.ca/what-can-other-jurisdictions-learn-from-the-bc-basic-income-study/ ''What can other jurisdictions learn from the BC Basic Income study?, Robbie Brydon, 2021] 
[S-94] [https://t.co/lWfzqqzcVS ''Furstenau calls on Eby to lift persons with disabilities out of poverty, 2022] 
[S-98] [https://bc.ctvnews.ca/could-basic-income-work-in-b-c-province-to-research-feasibility-1.3998445 '' Could basic income work in B.C.? Province to research feasibility, 2018] 
[S-100] [https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/news/great-deal-of-support-in-both-houses-for-pei-basic-income-pilot-says-senator-100756857/ '' 'Great deal' of support in both houses for P.E.I. basic income pilot, says Senator, 2022] 
[S-101] [https://www.pbo-dpb.gc.ca/en/blog/news/BLOG-2021-004--update-five-year-cost-estimate-guaranteed-basic-income--mise-jour-estimation-cinq-ans-cout-revenu-base-garanti '' Update: Five-Year Cost Estimate of the Guaranteed Basic Income, 2020] 
[S-104] [https://fortune.com/2018/08/03/universal-basic-income-ontario-canada/ '' Backlash Erupts in Canadian Province After Government Kills Basic Income Test, 2018] 
[S-105] [https://jobmarketmonitor.com/2018/04/20/basic-income-in-canada-using-the-ontario-model-would-would-cost-between-76-0-billion-and-79-5-billion/ '' Basic Income in Canada – Using the Ontario model would would cost between $76.0 billion and $79.5 billion, 2018] 
[S-106] [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/making-sense/ontario-is-canceling-its-basic-income-experiment '' Ontario is canceling its basic income experiment,PBS Newshour, 2018] 
[S-107] [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/6/universal-basic-income-program-fails-ontario/ '' Universal basic income program fails in Ontario, 2018] 
[S-181] [https://twitter.com/basicincomecdn/status/1601283189758214145 '' Interview with Charles Murphy, Artificial Intelligence''] 
[S-182] [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110002001 ''Statistics Canada, Census Family Low Income Measure] 
[S-183] [https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3Var.pl?Function=DEC&Id=252164 ''Statistics Canada, Low Income Status of a private household] 
[S-184] [https://workstudyvisa.com/low-income-cut-off-canada/ ''WorkStudyVisa.com - Low Income Cut Off in Canada] 
[S-185] [https://maytree.com/publications/how-do-we-measure-poverty/ ''MayTree - How do we measure poverty] 
[S-186] [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/75f0002m/75f0002m2016002-eng.htm ''Statistics Canada, Income Research Paper Series, Low Income Lines: What they are and how they are created] 

== PDF Document Links ==

=== Federal ===

[S-29] '''A Federal Basic Income Within the Post COVID-19 Economic Recovery Plan, 2020''' - ''https://news.umanitoba.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/FBI-PB_EN.pdf 

=== BC ===

[S-94] '''Covering All the Basics: Reforms for a More Just Society, 2020''' - ''https://bcbasicincomepanel.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Final_Report_BC_Basic_Income_Panel.pdf 
[S-96] '''Basic Income: Characteristics Related to Presence in and Absence From the Tax System, 2021''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/Basic-Income-Characteristics-Related-to-Presence-in-and-Absence-From-the-Tax-System_DGreen_PGutierrez_KMilligan_ESnowberg-0021.pdf 
[S-97] '''Labour Supply Issues Related to a Basic Income and Income Assistance, 2020''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/Labour-Supply-Issues-Related-to-a-Basic-Income-and-Income-Assistance-David-Green-converted.pdf 
[S-99] '''A Reanalysis of The Town with No Poverty: The Health Effects of a Canadian Guaranteed Annual Income Field Experiment, 2021''' - ''https://economics.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2021/03/forget-cpp-reanalysis.pdf 

=== Manitoba ===

[S-6] '''The Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment: Lessons Learned 40 Years Later, 2017''' - ''https://www.umanitoba.ca/media/Simpson_Mason_Godwin_2017.pdf 

=== Ontario ===

[S-95] '''Southern Ontario’s Basic Income Experience Report, McMaster University, 2020''' - ''https://labourstudies.mcmaster.ca/documents/southern-ontarios-basic-income-experience.pdf 
[S-103] '''Ontario Budget 2018 – ISAC Analysis And Budget Details, 2018''' - ''http://incomesecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Ontario-Budget-2018-ISAC-Analysis-and-Budget-Details-March-28-2018.pdf 

== Budget Documents ==

[S-102] '''2017 Ontario Budget - A Stronger, Healthier Ontario''' - ''https://collections.ola.org/mon/31005/339601.pdf

== Petitions ==

There are many petitions referenced across GLBI.ca - Please use '''[[Petitions for Basic Income in Canada]]

== Government Discussions on Basic Income ==
See '''[[Government Discussions on Basic Income]]
<ul><li>44th Parliament S-109 through S-180</li><li>44 Parliament (Committees) S-187-189</li></ul>

[[Category:Guaranteed liveable basic income]]
[[Category:Income assistance]]
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Employment insurance]]

FINA February 3, 2022

2022-12-17T03:30:32Z

JVander2022: Created page with "== 2022-03-01 == On March 1, 2022 the following discussion happened in the Standing Committee on Finance over Basic Income (Guaranteed Livable Basic Income). === David Macdonald === [S-187] [https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/11545118 15:35] Thank you, Mr. Chair. I'd like to thank the committee for the invitation to speak today. I would refer members to our 2022 alternative federal budget, which lays out in much more de..."

== 2022-03-01 ==
On March 1, 2022 the following discussion happened in the [[Standing Committee on Finance]] over Basic Income ([[Guaranteed Livable Basic Income]]).

=== David Macdonald ===
[S-187] [https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/11545118 15:35]
Thank you, Mr. Chair. I'd like to thank the committee for the invitation to speak today. I would refer members to our 2022 alternative federal budget, which lays out in much more detail the items I’ll speak on today and provides you with other costed proposals for your consideration. If COVID-19 in general, and omicron in particular, have taught us anything it's that there will be future waves of this pandemic. The federal government has played a critical role in buffering both households and the provinces from the worst economic impacts of COVID-19, but we need to move to longer-term resiliency against future waves so that we can all resume some sense of normalcy in 2022 and beyond. The health care system in particular must be able to withstand future waves. We need a deeper bench in hospitals so that future waves can be absorbed without shutting down the rest of the health care system. This has to do with capital to some degree with respect to more intensive care beds, but it mostly has to do with staffing. I'm thinking of professions like nurses. Provinces need longer-term commitments to bolster their own systems. This should be through a federal workplace strategy for health care workers, but it should also be through a long-term reorientation of health care transfers in terms of federal commitments reaching 35% of total provincial health care costs, up from the pre-COVID level of about 23%. Budget 2022 needs to keep in mind the atrocious long-term care death rates we saw in Canada. This certainly requires improved pay and more PSWs, but that’s only part of it. New national standards are necessary that ensure that seniors care is universal, public, comprehensive, and portable and that these be conditions for new federal funding with the provinces. We also need to improve worker supports in budget 2022. In the January data I think what we’re going to see is the immense impact on workers due to sick leave as workers take time off due to omicron. Health and the opening of the economy are not in competition: the health of workers is a prerequisite for a properly functioning economy. Coverage of the self-employed, which did not exist prior to the pandemic through the EI system, has been roughly ongoing throughout the pandemic, first via CERB and the CRB, and more currently through the Canadian worker lockdown benefit. These programs have been haphazard, halting, and constantly changing. Looking forward to 2022 in the budget, I look forward to seeing a more comprehensive plan of how the self-employed can be more fully integrated into the EI system. Longer term, the federal government needs to be more involved in the payment of the EI system, particularly once unemployment goes over a certain level. The Canadian system is somewhat unique in that only workers and employers contribute to it. Generally, in other developed countries governments themselves also contribute to the employment insurance system. That is de facto what has happened over the past two recessions, where the federal government has stepped in to bolster the EI system, but this should be more institutional, where the federal government is constantly contributing to the EI system, not just in times of crisis. This would allow for much-needed improvements in the system, like a higher replacement rate or a floor on what the unemployed receive, something like the $500 a week that we saw during the CERB and CRB periods, as well as a lower threshold for hours of entry into the system. Direct transfers to households helped to keep poverty rates down in 2020 and 2021. In fact, it's likely that poverty rates were lower than they were in 2019, and we'll see that when the full data comes out. This was in large part due to CERB and the changes to EI, but also to one-time transfers. I think we need to build on that to better insulate adults in particular from poverty in Canada through two new programs. One is the Canada disability benefit, and the other is the creation of a new Canada livable income. The Canada disability benefit was initially proposed in the 2020 Speech from the Throne. Substantial empirical work has been done since that point into how this could be implemented, the levels that would be needed. These are mocked-up in our alternative budget. We show that the various criteria for benefits, be they federal, provincial, or private insurance definitions for disability, can be unified in a common $11,000-a-year benefit, improving the lives of Canadians with disabilities while saving the provinces substantial money. When it come to a Canada livable income, substantial basic incomes already exist in Canada for families with children and for seniors. However, adults in the middle of their age range and who don't have high incomes are left out from supports. The one support that they might be able to access, the Canada workers benefit, has received several significant changes in recent years, although it only covers workers with working income. One of the reasons people live in poverty is that they don't have working income for some reason. The alternative budget—and I hope the federal budget—will consider a Canada livable income that will replace the Canada workers benefit, provide coverage for more Canadians, particularly those without working income, and provide a floor of $5,000 per person or $7,000 a couple per year. Thank you very much for your attention. I look forward to your questions.

=== Daniel Blaikie (Elmwood—Transcona) ===
[S-188] [https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/11545118 16:24]
Thank you very much. To Mr. Macdonald with the CCPA, I know that in your alternative budget you're recommending the establishment of a Canada livable income program and a Canada disability benefit. I just wondered if you might be able to speak to some of the ongoing challenges as Canadians try to find work and get enough hours in pandemic-affected industries, and some of the cracks that folks have fallen through, particularly since the Liberals made access to pandemic benefits much harder. Could you speak about how the establishment of benefits like this would help with that, both now in the pandemic context but also as we look down the road towards economic disruption as a result of climate change.

=== David Macdonald ===
[S-189] [https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/11545118 16:25]
Certainly when it comes to coverage of workers in the omicron wave and in future waves, this isn't necessarily the federal government's fault but there is this ongoing problem of paid sick leave, particularly for low-income workers. This is not just generally provincial policy. The federal benefit, the CRSB, has been a failure, frankly, because the take-up rates have been so low. That wasn't really the best approach. The best approach is to have this legislated provincially. I think the federal government could certainly do more to push for these types of sickness benefits being incorporated within provincial labour law, such that low-income workers have access to them, whether they have COVID-19 or any other illness. Certainly when it comes to the coverage of self-employed workers, what's interesting is that the best coverage they had was at the very start of the pandemic, and the coverage has gotten progressively worse over the course of 2020 and 2021. The sequence of events started with the CERB, which was very easy to access for both people who were eligible for EI and those who weren't—who were self-employed but weren't eligible for EI. Those benefits were capped under the CRB and limited to $300 a week. Those ended at the end of October and then we saw the creation of the lockdown benefit, which seemed like it wasn't a real benefit until lockdowns happened again and then all of a sudden we had to put the websites together. It seems like the federal government wasn't prepared. This is a benefit that is and will be accessed by self-employed people who don't have eligibility under the EI system. There does appear to be a commitment to include self-employed workers within the EI system by January, essentially by this time next year. I look forward to those details. I know those consultations are ongoing. That certainly was one of the big lessons of COVID-19, the lack of coverage for self-employed workers. Many of them are part of the gig economy, and part of the problem is just straight misclassification, a problem that could be rapidly addressed by the federal government, which is to say that workers who look like they're self-employed but who really don't have choice in what they're taking—I think of an Uber driver—be correctly classified as employees and that the employer contributes to the EI fund. That would be something that could be rapidly addressed. There are certainly employees who are legitimately self-employed and are not presently covered by EI. Hopefully changes in the EI system that we'll see over the course of this year will help to address that.